不同种植密度对引大灌区青贮玉米产量和品质的影响

柴尔政; 马佳丽; 张红娟; 宋淑珍; 张真荣; 李 平; 李浩霖

引用本文:	柴尔政,马佳丽,张红娟,等.不同种植密度对引大灌区青贮玉米产量和品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(9):33-38.
	CHAI Erzheng,MA Jiali,ZHANG Hongjuan,et al.不同种植密度对引大灌区青贮玉米产量和品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(9):33-38.

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不同种植密度对引大灌区青贮玉米产量和品质的影响
柴尔政，马佳丽，张红娟，宋淑珍，张真荣，李平，李浩霖
1.甘肃省引大入秦水资源利用中心，兰州 730300；2.甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院，兰州 730070； 3.甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所，兰州 730070；4.北京工业大学，北京 100124

摘要:

【目的】明晰不同种植密度对引大灌区青贮玉米生长发育、产量及品质的影响。【方法】以青贮玉米“陇青贮1号”为试验材料，设置M1（5.6×104株/hm2）、M2（6.8×104株/hm2）、M3（8.0×104株/hm2）、M4（9.2×104株/hm2）、M5（10.4×104株/hm2）共5个种植密度，探究不同种植密度对青贮玉米成熟期植株性状、产量及品质的影响。【结果】①随种植密度增大，青贮玉米株高和茎粗呈抛物线规律，穗长、穗粗、鲜穗质量、行粒数、穗行数均随种植密度增大呈先增加后减少趋势，M3处理达到最优值；②鲜草、干草和籽粒产量均随种植密度增大呈先增加后减少的趋势，在M3处理产量达到最大，最大值分别为182 146.72、91 054.35、24 278.68 kg/hm2；③青贮玉米的粗蛋白、粗淀粉和粗脂肪量均在M3处理下最大，较M4、处理，3指标分别增加了8.31%、10.58%、和10.38%，较M5处理，3指标分别增加了12.49%、15.71%和19.71%；中性洗涤纤维值M5处理最大，和M3处理最小，M5处理较M3处理增加7.78%。【结论】种植密度为8.0×104株/hm2时，引大灌区青贮玉米产量和品质均达到最优。

关键词: 引大灌区；种植密度；青贮玉米；产量；品质

DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024116

分类号:

基金项目:

Influence of planting density on yield and quality of forage maize in the Yinda Irrigation District

CHAI Erzheng, MA Jiali, ZHANG Hongjuan, SONG Shuzhen, ZHANG Zhenrong, LI Ping, LI Haolin

1. Water Resources Utilization Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730300, China; 2. College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; 3. Institute of Animal & Pasture Science and Green Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China; 4. Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China

Abstract:

【Objective】Forage maize is a crop cultivated in the Yinda Irrigation District in Gansu province, China. This paper investigates the influence of planting density on its growth, yield and quality.【Method】 The variety of Long Silage No.1 was used as the model plant. The field experiments compared five planting densities: 5.6×104 plants/hm2 (M1), 6.8×104 plants/hm2 (M2), 8.0×104 plants/hm2 (M3), 9.2×104 plants/hm2 (M4), and 10.4×104 plants/hm2 (M5). In each treatment, we measured plant traits, yield and quality of the plant at its maturity stage.【Result】① Plant height and stem thickness both varied with planting density parabolically. With the increase in planting density, cob length, cob thickness, fresh cob weight, the number of rows of grains and the number of rows in cobs all increased first and then decreased when planting density exceeded 8.0×104 plants/hm2. ② With the increase in planting density, fresh grass, hay and kernel yields increased to 182 146.72 kg/hm2, 91 054.35 kg/hm2, and 24 278.68 kg/hm2, respectively, when planting density was 8.0×104 plants/hm2, and then decreased after planting density exceeded 8.0×104 plants/hm2. ③ Compared with M4 and M5, M3 increased the crude protein by 8.31% and 12.49%, the crude starch by 10.58% and 15.71%, and the fat contents by 10.38 and 19.71%, respectively. It was found that the neutral washing fiber was the highest in M5 and the least in M3. Compared to M3, M5 increased the neutral detergent fiber by 7.78%.【Conclusion】 A planting density of 8.0×104 plants/hm2 is optimal for yield and quality of forage maize cultivated in the Yinda Irrigation District.

Key words: Yinda Irrigation Region; silage maize; planting density; yield; quality