| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨山西旱地玉米化肥减量配施有机肥的可行性与适宜化肥减量比例。【方法】于2021—2023年进行田间定位试验，研究CK（不施任何肥）、NPK（全化肥）、化肥减量（40%、30%、20%）生物炭有机肥替代（SWC40、SWC30、SWC20）和精致有机肥替代（JZ40、JZ30、JZ20）对玉米产量、养分吸收及氮素利用效率的影响。【结果】适当比例下化肥减量配施有机肥能显著增加玉米籽粒产量和地上部生物量，提高养分累积吸收量及氮素利用效率。与NPK处理相比，2021、2022、2023年，SWC40处理籽粒产量分别显著提高14.69%、9.88%、25.62%，JZ30处理籽粒产量与NPK处理无显著差异。2023年，SWC40处理籽粒氮、磷、钾素累积吸收量分别为145.64、38.30、38.07 kg/hm2，与NPK处理相比，SWC40处理玉米籽粒氮、磷、钾素累积吸收量显著增加38.36%、56.14%、46.59%；SWC40处理地上部氮、磷、钾素累积吸收量分别为311.79、69.49、204.22 kg/hm2，较NPK处理显著增加了64.08%、84.32%、84.43%。SWC40处理氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥贡献率和氮肥表观利用率为6.80 kg/kg、15.64 kg/kg、43.53%、31.01%，较NPK处理显著提高了49.78%、16.80%、29.48%、165.49%。【结论】化肥减量配施生物炭有机肥相较精致有机肥效果更佳，化肥减量40%配施生物炭有机肥为最优处理，化肥减量30%配施精致有机肥化肥次之，可作为玉米增产、氮肥增效的合理施肥方案。 |
| 关键词: 化肥减量配施有机肥；生物炭；玉米；养分；氮素 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024082 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Effect of organic fertilization combined with reduced chemical fertilization on yield, nutrient uptake and nitrogen utilization efficiency of maize |
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CHEN Fenglin, MA Xiang’ai, HAO Xiuhai, LIU Zhenyu, GUO Zhuanxia
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1. College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China;
2. Shanxi Liangyuan Jintudi Technology Co., LTD, Fenyang 032200, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Reducing chemical fertilizer use while increasing organic fertilization has been proposed as a solution to mitigate nonpoint source pollution and soil degradation caused by chemical fertilizers. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the effects of this approach on yield, nutrient uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency of maize in dryland areas of Shanxi Province.【Method】The experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2023. The fertilization treatments were: 100% of chemical fertilization (NPK), reducing chemical fertilization by 40%, 30% and 20% combined with an application of biochar organic manure (SWC40, SWC30, SWC30), or an application of organic manure (JZ40, JZ30, JZ20), respectively. The control was no fertilization (CK). During the experiment, we measured the yield, nutrient uptake and nitrogen utilization efficiency of the crop consecutively for three years.【Result】A rational combination of chemical fertilization reduction and organic fertilization not only significantly increased grain yield and aboveground biomass, but also improved nutrient uptake and accumulation, as well as nitrogen use efficiency. Compared with NPK, SWC40 increased grain yield by 14.69%, 9.88% and 25.62% in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively, while no significant differences in these traits were found between JZ30 and NPK. In 2023, the cumulative uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the grains in SWC40 were 145.64, 38.30 and 38.07 kg/hm2, respectively. Compared with NPK, SWC40 increased cumulative uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the grains by 38.36%, 56.14% and 46.59%, cumulative uptake of N, P and K in the aboveground part by 64.08%, 84.32% and 84.43%, reaching 311.79 kg/hm2, 69.49 kg/hm2 and 204.22 kg/hm2, respectively. The nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity, nitrogen contribution rate and nitrogen apparent utilization rate in SWC40 were 6.80 kg/kg, 15.64 kg/kg, 43.53% and 31.01%, respectively, significantly higher than those in NPK.【Conclusion】Reducing chemical fertilization combined with an application of biochar or organic manure was more effective in improving maize yield and nutrient accumulation than combined with fine organic manure. In particular, reducing chemical fertilization by 40% combined with biochar organic manure application was most effective, followed by reducing 30% of chemical fertilization combined with fine organic manure application. |
| Key words: fertilizer reduction combined with organic manure; biochar; maize yield; nutrient uptake; nitrogen utilization efficiency |
