| 引用本文: | 左顺利,李丰琇,刘泽龙,等.南疆覆膜滴灌夏玉米生长特性及
产量对施氮量的响应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(11):18-26. |
| ZUO Shunli,LI Fengxiu,LIU Zelong,et al.南疆覆膜滴灌夏玉米生长特性及
产量对施氮量的响应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(11):18-26. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究南疆干旱区夏玉米在覆膜滴灌（MD）与裸地滴灌（LD）条件下的生长表现及不同施氮水平对产量的影响。【方法】设计MD处理和LD处理夏玉米滴灌试验，5个施氮梯度（N0：0 kg/hm2、N1：224.6 kg/hm2、N2：278.4 kg/hm2、N3：368.9 kg/hm2、N4：464.0 kg/hm2），以2个漫灌处理（MCK、LCK，施氮量均为278.4 kg/hm2）为对照（CK），共计12个处理。【结果】①随着施氮量的增加，夏玉米的生长指标（SPAD值、LAI值、地上部干物质量）逐渐增大后趋于稳定，呈先升后缓趋势。全生育期内，MD处理夏玉米的SPAD值、LAI值和干物质量分别较LD处理显著提高18.67%、10.39%、10.41%。②干物质量Logistic拟合方程表明，当施氮量超过368.9 kg/hm2后，干物质量不再增加；与LD处理相比，MD处理配合施氮能够延长夏玉米生长旺盛时间7~18 d，推迟群体最大生长率出现时间1~6 d。③MD处理产量较LD处理高1 027.52~2 023.04 kg/hm2，施氮处理的产量较不施氮处理高29.41%~84.46%，而MD处理配合施氮可使产量显著增加52.17%~106.61%。非线性拟合分析表明，玉米产量与施氮量之间整体呈“S”型曲线关系，当施氮量超过267.69 kg/hm2和274.11 kg/hm2后，MD处理和LD处理的产量逐渐放缓，分别达到362.75 kg/hm2和364.14 kg/hm2后几乎无增长。④MD处理和LD处理下，N2处理下夏玉米的生长指标和产量与CK无显著差异，但灌水量却比CK少256.5 mm。【结论】MD处理结合278.4 kg/hm2的施氮量能显著促进夏玉米生长并提高产量，可以实现较优的栽培效果。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌；氮肥；生长特性；Logistic方程；玉米 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024029 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Effect of nitrogen fertilization on growth and yield of summer maize under mulched drip irrigation in Southern Xinjiang |
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ZUO Shunli, LI Fengxiu, LIU Zelong, ZHAO Qiao, XU Yuan
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1. College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Mulched drip irrigation is a widely used technique in Northwestern China. This paper investigates the combined effects of mulched drip irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the growth and yield of summer maize.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a maize field in Southern Xinjiang and included a mulched drip irrigation (MD) treatment and a conventional drip irrigation treatment without mulching (LD). Each irrigation treatment had five nitrogen applications: 0 kg/hm2 (N0), 224.6 kg/hm2 (N1), 278.4 kg/hm2 (N2), 368.9 kg/hm2 (N3), and 464.0 kg/hm2 (N4). The control was flood irrigation with a nitrogen application of 278.4 kg/hm2. For each treatment, we measured growth traits and grain yield of the maize.【Result】① With increasing nitrogen application, the SPAD value, leaf area index (LAI), and aboveground dry biomass initially increased before plateauing; these metrics were 18.67%, 10.39%, and 10.41% higher in the MD treatment compared to the LD treatment, respectively. ② The relationship between dry matter accumulation and nitrogen application fit a logistic model, with the accumulation plateauing when the nitrogen application was 368.9 kg/hm2. Compared to LD, MD prolonged the period of rapid growth by 7-18 days and delayed its onset by 1-6 days. ③ The yield in the MD treatment was 1 027.52-2 023.04 kg/hm2 higher than that in LD; nitrogen application increased grain yield by 29.41%-84.46%. The combination of MD and nitrogen application increased yield by 52.17%-106.61%. Nonlinear regression indicated an asymptotic increase in maize yield with nitrogen application. The grain yield in MD and LD plateaued to 362.75 kg/hm2 and 364.14 kg/hm2, when their associated nitrogen application exceeded 267.69 kg/hm2 and 274.11 kg/hm2, respectively. ④ In both irrigation treatments, applying 278.4 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer produced yields comparable to the control, while saving 256.5 mm of water.【Conclusion】Mulched drip irrigation combined with a nitrogen application of 278.4 kg/hm2 is optimal for promoting the growth and yield of summer maize in Southern Xinjiang. |
| Key words: drip irrigation; nitrogenous fertilizer; growth characteristics; Logistic equation; corn |
