| 引用本文: | 王 炜,崔清亮,强生才,等.山西省主要作物灌溉需水量时空分布及干旱评价[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(12):121-132. |
| WANG Wei,CUI Qingliang,QIANG Shengcai,et al.山西省主要作物灌溉需水量时空分布及干旱评价[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(12):121-132. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确山西省主要作物灌溉需水量的时空分布特征。【方法】基于山西省28个站点1960—2019年逐日气象资料，利用Penman-Monteith和单作物系数法计算山西省春玉米、夏玉米、春小麦、冬小麦、棉花和马铃薯6种作物需水量和灌溉需水量，绘制有效降水量、温度、参考作物腾发量（ET0）及各作物需水量（ETc）、灌溉需水量（IR）的空间分布图，并对山西省主要站点干旱频率及干旱影响范围进行评价。【结果】1960—2019年山西省ET0与多年日平均气温空间分布较为吻合，均表现为由南向北递减，在五台右玉一带达到最低之后又升高。除马铃薯以外其余作物IR随时间均呈下降趋势，其空间分布规律也不同。各作物IR均值表现为冬小麦（293.23 mm）>春小麦（144.74 mm）>春玉米（142.81 mm）>棉花（131.89 mm）>夏玉米（82.81 mm）>马铃薯（74.56 mm）。从全生育期来看，各作物发生干旱的影响范围都属于全域性干旱。【结论】降水可基本满足夏玉米水分需求，春玉米、春小麦快速发育期、冬小麦、棉花、马铃薯生长中期需要补灌。 |
| 关键词: 山西省；作物；灌溉需水量；干旱评价 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024180 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Spatiotemporal variation in irrigation water requirement and drought assessment for major crops in Shanxi Province |
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WANG Wei, CUI Qingliang, QIANG Shengcai, ZHANG Yan
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Shanxi Agricultural University a. College of Urban and Rural Construction; b. College of Agricultural Engineering;
c. Dryland Farm Machinery Key Technology and Equipment Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province, Taigu 030801, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Agriculture is the largest water consumer in Shanxi Province. Understanding the water requirements of major crops is important for improving water resource management and the development of sustainable agriculture in the province. This paper studies the spatiotemporal variations in irrigation water requirements and drought assessment for major crops in the province.【Method】The reference evapotranspiration (ET0) was calculated using the Penman-Monteith formula based on daily meteorological data from 1960 to 2019 at 28 weather stations across the province. Using the single crop coefficient method, we calculated the water requirements (ETc) and irrigation requirements (IR) of spring maize, summer maize, spring wheat, winter wheat, cotton and potato. The spatial distributions of effective precipitation, temperature, ET0, ETc and IR for each crop were analyzed using ArcGIS to evaluate drought frequency and its impacts across the province. 【Result】Spatially, ET0 and average daily temperature vary consistently across the province, decreasing from South to North up to Wutai and Youyu, then increasing further northward. Temporally, except for potato, the IR of other crops has been decreasing from 1960 to 2019, with their IR varying spatially. The average IR of major crops over the 1960—2019 period ranked as follows: winter wheat (293.23 mm) > spring wheat (144.74 mm) > spring maize (142.81 mm) > cotton (131.89 mm) > summer maize (82.81 mm) > potato (74.56 mm). During growing periods of crops, the influence of droughts, when occurring, were regional.【Conclusion】Precipitation can basically meet the demands of summer maize, spring maize and spring wheat need for irrigation during their rapid growth periods. However, winter wheat, cotton, and potato require irrigation during their mid-growth periods. |
| Key words: Shanxi; crops; irrigation requirement; drought evaluation |
