| 摘要: |
| 【目的】黄河南岸灌区盐碱土壤盐分高、养分低、结构差等问题严重制约了当地农业和经济发展，探索低成本高效益的土壤改良产品有利于缓解当地耕地压力，促进作物增收。【方法】以黄河南岸灌区2种不同盐碱化程度土壤（中度和重度盐碱土）为研究对象，设置对照（CK）、3%玉米秸秆（T1）、3%牛粪（T2）、3%脱硫石膏（T3）、2%玉米秸秆配施1%牛粪（T4）以及2%玉米秸秆配施1%脱硫石膏（T5）共6个处理，通过室内培养试验，探究不同改良措施对黄灌区2种盐碱程度土壤理化性状和团聚体特征的影响。【结果】①不同改良措施均不同程度改善了土壤理化性质。其中，中度盐碱土T1处理pH值降幅为8.14%，有机碳量、全氮量增幅分别为72.99%、16.14%，T5处理pH值降幅为11.34%，有机碳量、全氮量增幅分别为43.75%、38.60%，无渗流条件下T1处理EC值与CK无显著差异，但T5处理EC值显著高于CK；重度盐碱土中，T2处理pH值、EC值降幅分别为1.50%、9.67%，有机碳量、全氮量增幅分别为66.48%、52.94%，T4处理土壤pH值、EC值降幅分别为4.01%、9.67%，有机碳量、全氮量增幅分别为48.94%、48.24%。②不同改良措施均改善了土壤团聚体结构和分布。其中，中度盐碱土中，T1处理>2 mm团聚体数量增加最显著，占比达到41.53%，GMD、WR0.25最大，增幅分别达到305.2%、199.90%；T5处理0.25~2 mm团聚体数量增加最显著，占比达到65.10%，GMD、WR0.25增幅分别为198.33%、204.72%。重度盐碱土中，T2处理0.25~2 mm团聚体数量增加最显著，其次为T4处理，二者分别为65.17%、59.92%，T2处理在促进团聚体稳定性表现最好，GMD最大，D最小。③不同改良措施中度盐碱土中主成分总得分表现为T5处理>T1处理>T2处理>T4处理>T3处理>CK，重度盐碱土中表现为T2处理>T4处理>T1处理>T5处理>T3处理>CK。【结论】综上，对于中度盐碱土，3%玉米秸秆处理（T1处理）和2%玉米秸秆配施1%脱硫石膏处理（T5处理）在改善土壤理化性状和团聚体结构整体表现较好；对于重度盐碱土，3%牛粪处理（T2处理）和2%玉米秸秆配施1%牛粪处理（T4处理）在改善土壤理化性状和团聚体结构整体表现较好。 |
| 关键词: 盐碱土；玉米秸秆；团聚体；理化性质；配施 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023164 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Effects of different soil improvement measures on physicochemical properties and aggregate characteristics of saline-alkali soils in irrigation areas on the south bank of the Yellow River |
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LI Wei, YIN Guangsheng, LI Qirui, SHANG Jianying, WANG Xiang
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1. Faculty of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The saline-alkali soil in the irrigation area on the south bank of the Yellow River has problems such as high salt content, low nutrient content, and poor soil structure, which restricts the local agricultural and economic development, so exploring low-cost and high-benefit improvement measures are conducive to alleviating the pressure on local farmland and promoting crop income growth. 【Method】For this purpose, six treatments were designed for moderate and severe saline-alkali soil in the irrigation area on the south bank of the Yellow River, including control (CK), 3% corn straw (T1), 3% cow manure (T2), 3% desulfurization gypsum (T3), 2% corn straw combined with 1% cow manure (T4), and 2% corn straw combined with 1% desulfurization gypsum (T5). And the effects of different improvement measures were studied through indoor cultivation experiments on the physicochemical properties and aggregate characteristics of soil with two saline-alkali soils, in the irrigation area on the south bank of the Yellow River. 【Result】① Different improvement measures have improved soil physical and chemical properties to varying degrees. In moderate saline-alkali soil, the pH value of T1 treatment decreased by 8.14%, while the organic carbon content and total nitrogen content increased by 72.99% and 16.14%, respectively. The pH value of T5 treatment decreased by 11.34%, while the organic carbon content and total nitrogen content increased by 43.75% and 38.60%, respectively. Under no infiltration conditions, there was no significant difference in EC value between T1 treatment and CK, but the EC value of T5 treatment was significantly higher than that of CK. In severe saline-alkali soil, the pH value and EC decreased by 1.50% and 9.67% respectively in T2 treatment, while the organic carbon content and total nitrogen content increased by 66.48% and 52.94%, respectively. And the decrease in soil pH and EC was 4.01% and 9.67% in T4 treatment of heavily saline-alkali soil, respectively, while the increase in organic carbon and total nitrogen was 48.94% and 48.24%, respectively. ② Different improvement measures have improved the structure and distribution of soil aggregation. In moderately saline-alkali soil, the number of >2 mm aggregates with T1 treatment increased most significantly, accounting for 41.53%, GMD and WR0.25 have the highest growth rates, reaching 305.2% and 199.90% respectively. The most significant increase in the number of aggregates between 0.25-2 mm was observed in T5 treatment of moderately saline-alkali soil, accounting for 65.10%, and the growth rates of GMD and WR0.25 were 198.33% and 204.72%, respectively. In the severe saline-alkali soil, the number of 0.25-2 mm aggregates increased most significantly under T2 treatment, followed by T4 treatment, which were 65.17% and 59.92%, respectively; T2 treatment showed the best performance in promoting aggregate stability, with the largest GMD and the smallest D. ③The total score of principal component in moderate saline-alkali soil under different improvement measures was T5 treatment >T1 treatment >T2 treatment >T4 treatment > T3 treatment > CK, and in severe saline-alkali soil, it was T2 treatment > T4 treatment > T1 treatment > T5 treatment > T3 treatment > CK.【Conclusion】In summary, for moderate saline-alkali soil, the 3% corn straw treatment (T1 treatment) and the 2% corn straw combined with 1% desulfurization gypsum treatment (T5 treatment) showed better overall performance in improving soil physical and chemical properties and aggregate structure. For severe saline-alkali soil, the combination of 3% cow manure treatment (T2 treatment) and 2% corn straw with 1% cow manure treatment (T4 treatment) showed better overall improvement in soil physicochemical properties and aggregate structure. |
| Key words: saline-alkali soil; corn straw; soil aggregates; physical and chemical properties; combined application |
