| 引用本文: | 曾雪梅,白清俊,马丽娜,等.陕北榆林滴灌春玉米不同生育期
适宜土壤水分控制界限研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(S1):77-84. |
| ZENG Xuemei,BAI Qingjun,MA Lina,et al.陕北榆林滴灌春玉米不同生育期
适宜土壤水分控制界限研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(S1):77-84. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】确定陕北榆林滴灌春玉米各生育期适宜的土壤水分界限，得到该地区滴灌春玉米的灌溉制度。【方法】采用正交试验设计方法，在春玉米苗期、拔节期、抽雄期、灌浆期、成熟期5个生育期设置4种灌溉水平，探究不同灌水方案对滴灌春玉米的生长及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】①陕北榆林滴灌春玉米关键生育期为拔节期、抽雄期。苗期、灌浆期及成熟期为非关键期。在拔节期和抽雄期适当降低灌溉水平更有利于春玉米后续生长发育；②综合各灌水方案对春玉米株高、茎粗、叶面积指数和产量的影响，最优的田间土壤水分控制界限为：苗期适宜土壤水分界限为59%~79%FC（FC代表土壤田间持水率），拔节期70%~90%FC，抽雄期为68%~88%FC，灌浆期为56%~76%FC，成熟期为49%~69%FC。【结论】最优的灌溉制度为全生育期灌水9次，即苗期2次（m=20 mm），拔节期3次（m1=20 mm，m2=m3=30 mm），抽雄期3次（m1=m2=m3=30 mm），灌浆期1次（m=25 mm），成熟期不灌水，综合灌溉定额为235 mm。该制度下春玉米产量为14 664 kg/hm2，水分利用效率达3.01 kg/m3。较对照组产量提高15.56%，WUE提高19.19%。该研究结果对陕北榆林滴灌春玉米田间水分管理具有重要指导意义。 |
| 关键词: 陕北榆林；滴灌春玉米；土壤水分控制界限；水分利用效率；灌溉制度 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024018 |
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| Study on suitable soil water control limit of spring maize under drip irrigation in Yulin of Northern Shaanxi |
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ZENG Xuemei, BAI Qingjun, MA Lina, WAN Yu, DANG Xiaowen,
LIU Zhongxiong, WANG Tengfei, WANG Ruonan
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1. State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology,
Xi’an 710048, China; 2. Yulin Agricultural Technology Service Cente, Yulin 719000, China;
3. Chengdu Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd, Chendu 610000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】The problem of agricultural drought has always restricted the sustainable development of agriculture in Yulin area of Northern Shaanxi. In the process of water resources development and utilization, the contradiction between industrial and agricultural production, life and ecology is becoming more and more obvious, and the gap between supply and demand of agricultural water resources continues to increase, which seriously affects the high and stable yield of spring maize. Yulin in northern Shaanxi is located in the central and northern part of the Loess Plateau. It is located in the arid and semi-arid climate zone with sufficient light resources. It is a eugenic and high-yield area of spring maize in China. The field irrigation of spring maize in this area is mainly drip irrigation.【Objective】In order to determine the suitable soil moisture limit of drip irrigation spring maize in Yulin of northern Shaanxi, the irrigation system of drip irrigation spring maize in this area was obtained. 【Method】In this study, orthogonal test design method was used to set up four irrigation levels in five growth stages of spring maize, including seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling stage, filling stage and maturity stage, to explore the effects of different irrigation schemes on the growth and water use efficiency of drip-irrigated spring maize. 【Result】The results showed that: ① The key growth stages of spring maize were jointing stage and tasseling stage, and the seedling stage, filling stage and maturity stage were non-critical stages. Appropriate reduction of irrigation level at jointing stage and tasseling stage is more conducive to the subsequent growth and development of spring maize. ② Based on the effects of different irrigation schemes on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index and yield of spring maize, the optimal field soil moisture control limit is: the suitable soil moisture limit at seedling stage is 59%-79%FC (FC represents soil field water holding capacity), 70%-90%FC at jointing stage, 68%-88%FC at tasseling stage, 56%-76%FC at filling stage, and 49%-69%FC at maturity stage. 【Conclusion】The optimal irrigation system is irrigation 9 times in the whole growth period, namely 2 times in the seedling stage (m=20 mm), 3 times in the jointing stage (m1=20 mm, m2,3=30 mm), 3 times in the tasseling stage (m=30 mm), 1 time in the filling stage (m=25 mm), no irrigation in the mature stage, and the comprehensive irrigation quota is 235 mm. Under this system, the yield of spring maize was 14 664 kg/hm2, and the water use efficiency was 3.01 kg/m3. Compared with the control group, the yield increased by 15.56% and WUE increased by 19.19%. The results of this study have important guiding significance for the field management of drip irrigation spring maize in Yulin, Northern Shaanxi. |
| Key words: Yulin in Northern Shaanxi Province; drip spring maize; soil moisture limit; water use efficiency; irrigation system |
