| 引用本文: | 周子钰,叶 春,姬 辰,等.基于玉米生育期灌溉需水量的都江堰灌区
水资源调控研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(S1):140-146. |
| ZHOU Ziyu,YE Chun,JI Chen,et al.基于玉米生育期灌溉需水量的都江堰灌区
水资源调控研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(S1):140-146. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析都江堰灌区玉米各生育期灌溉需水量，进行合理的都江堰灌区水资源调控。【方法】收集2000—2015年都江堰灌区8种气象因子，计算2000—2015年玉米生育期需水量、有效降水量、水分盈亏指数和灌溉需水量；利用月灌溉用水量模型，将灌溉用水量在玉米不同生育阶段进行分配，使各分灌区玉米产量最大，确定各分灌区各生育期玉米灌溉用水量。【结果】都江堰灌区玉米多年平均需水量为376 mm，多年平均有效降水量为368 mm，多年平均水分盈亏指数为-0.24，灌区玉米全生育期总灌溉用水量为4.2亿m3，其中外江灌区为0.3亿m3，毗河灌区为0.44亿m3，通济堰灌区为0.19亿m3，黑龙滩灌区为0.44亿m3，人民渠一处灌区为0.96亿m3，人民渠二处灌区为1.12亿m3，东风渠灌区为0.75亿m3。【结论】都江堰灌区玉米生育期需水量变化不明显。在拔节期、抽雄期、乳雄期，灌溉需水量较大，需要及时补水。部分灌区出现幼苗脱水，需要实行平原丘陵灌区错峰调度，平原直灌区向丘陵灌区输水，丘陵灌区囤蓄水量。 |
| 关键词: 都江堰灌区；玉米；灌溉需水量；水资源调控 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps. 2024126 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Research on water resource regulation in Dujiangyan irrigation district based on irrigation water demand in maize growing period |
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ZHOU Ziyu, YE Chun, JI Chen, WANG Yanjun, PAN Ruoyun, HUANG Xiaorong
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1. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
2. College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
3. Sichuan Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Development Center, Dujiangyan 611800, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Dujiangyan irrigation area is an important grain producing area in Sichuan Province, and corn is the main grain crop in Sichuan Province. Dujiangyan Irrigation Project Water Conservancy Project has a large scale and reasonable layout. The area of Dujiangyan irrigation area has gradually increased, and the permanent population has reached 30.3 million. The agriculture is developed, and the water demand is large. The agricultural development in many areas is restricted by the supply capacity of water resources【Objective】The irrigation water demand of Dujiangyan irrigation area in each growth period of corn was analyzed, and the reasonable regulation of water resources in Dujiangyan irrigation area was carried out, so as to realize the yield increase of corn in the irrigation area.【Method】Eight kinds of meteorological elements in Dujiangyan irrigation area in the past 15 years were collected to calculate water demand, effective precipitation, water profit and loss index and irrigation water demand during maize growth period in the past 15 years; Using the monthly irrigation water consumption model, the irrigation water is allocated at different growth stages of corn to maximize the corn yield in each sub irrigation area, and the irrigation water for corn at each growth stage in each sub irrigation area is determined.【Result】The average annual water demand of maize in Dujiangyan irrigation area is 376 mm, the average annual effective precipitation is 368 mm, the average annual water profit and loss index is -0.24, and the total irrigation water in the whole growth period of maize in the irrigation area is 420 million m3, Among them, the outer river irrigation area is 30 million m3, The irrigation area of Bihe River is 44 million m3, The irrigation area of Tongjiyan is 19 million m3, The Heilongtan irrigation area is 44 million m3, The irrigation area of Renmin Canal is 96 million m3, The second irrigation area of Renmin Canal is 112 million m3, The Dongfeng Canal irrigation area is 75 million m3.【Conclusion】The water demand of maize in Dujiangyan irrigation area did not change significantly during its growth period, which was related to the planting varieties. During the three key growth stages of jointing, tasseling, and lactation, irrigation requires a large amount of water and requires timely regulation and replenishment of water. The water demand for corn irrigation in the Pihe irrigation area, Renmin Canal 1, and Renmin Canal 2 sub irrigation areas is relatively high, and some of them are located at the tail of the hills, which may cause problems such as seedling dehydration. Therefore, it is necessary to implement staggered scheduling in the plain irrigation area and hilly irrigation area, where water is transported from the plain irrigation area to the hilly irrigation area and stored in the hilly irrigation area. Therefore, this paper carries out precise water resources regulation and control in each growth period of maize sub irrigation areas in order to achieve the yield increase of maize in Dujiangyan irrigation area. |
| Key words: Dujiangyan irrigation area; corn; irrigation water demand; water resource regulation |
