| 引用本文: | 孙世豪,艾鹏睿,马英杰,等.水钾耦合对南疆滴灌枣树叶片生理特征及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(1):25-33. |
| SUN Shihao,AI Pengrui,MA Yingjie,et al.水钾耦合对南疆滴灌枣树叶片生理特征及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(1):25-33. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究南疆滴灌枣树最优灌溉施肥制度，提高南疆特色林果种植业生产效益。【方法】以阿克苏地区典型果树—8 a生灰枣为研究对象，于2022—2023年开展灌水量与施钾量的二因素三水平全面试验（灌溉水平为T1：ETc，T2：75% ETc，T3：50% ETc；钾肥水平为A：240 kg/hm2，B：180 kg/hm2，C：120 kg/hm2），探究灌水量与施钾量对枣树光合特征及产量影响。【结果】灌水量和施钾量对枣树生长发育影响显著，枣树净光合速率和蒸腾速率、叶绿素量会随灌水量和施钾量增加而逐渐提高。增施钾肥对枣树叶片可溶性糖量影响显著，2023年T1-A、T2-A、T3-A处理可溶性糖量较2022年增加了37.0%、36.9%、28.7%；而枣树叶片脱落酸（ABA）量受灌水量影响显著，其中T3-C处理ABA量最高。各处理枣树的瞬时水分利用效率（iWUE）随生育期推进多呈逐渐上升趋势，枣树产量也随施钾量增加而上升；施钾量为240 kg/hm2时，2022年，T1、T2处理枣树产量较T3处理增加了56.77%、45.52%；2023年，T1、T2处理枣树产量较T3处理增加了51.46%、37.61%；其中2022、2023年T2-A处理水分利用效率（WUE）分别为8.88、9.14 kg/（hm2·mm）；【结论】本试验条件下，T2-A处理是适宜南疆地区枣树生产效益的灌溉施肥制度。 |
| 关键词: 水钾耦合；叶绿素a；叶绿素b；光合特性；产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024241 |
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| The combined effect of water and potassium on physiological traits of jujube leaves and fruit yield under drip irrigation in Southern Xinjiang |
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SUN Shihao, AI Pengrui, MA Yingjie, FU Qiuping, XU Yuan
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1. Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy Engineering Safety and Water Disaster Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Jujube is a vital cash crop in Xinjiang. This study examined the combined effect of irrigation and potassium fertilization on physiological traits of jujube leaves and fruit yield to determine the optimal irrigation and fertilisation strategy for its sustainable production in this region.【Method】The field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023 in an 8-year grey jujube orchard in Aksu, Southern Xinjiang. There were three irrigation treatments by irrigating 100% (T1), 75% (T2) and 50% (T3) of estimated evapotranspiration. Each irrigation treatment had three potassium fertilizations: 240 kg/hm2 (A), 180 kg/hm2 (B) and 120 kg/hm2 (C). During the experiment, we measured the photosynthetic traits of the jujube leaves and ultimate fruit yield.【Result】Both irrigation amount and potassium fertilization significantly impacted growth and development of the jujube. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and chlorophyll content of the jujube increased with increasing irrigation amount and potassium fertilization. Increasing potassium fertilization increased soluble sugar in jujube leaves, with its content in T1-A, T2-A and T3-A in 2023 increasing by 37.0%, 36.9% and 28.7%, respectively, compared to that in 2022. The abscisic acid (ABA) in jujube leaves varied with irrigation amount, being the highest in T3-C. The irrigation water use efficiency increased as the plant grew, and the fruit yield increased with the increase in potassium fertilization. When potassium application was 240 kg/hm2, T1 and T2 increased the fruit yield by 56.77% and 45.52% in 2022, and 51.46% and 37.61% in 2023, compared to T3. Water use efficiency of T2-A was 8.88 kg/(hm2·mm) and 9.14 kg/(hm2·mm) in 2022 and 2023, respectively.【Conclusion】Among all treatments we compared, irrigating 75% of estimated evapotranspiration combined with a 240 kg/hm2 of potassium fertilization is optimal for improving fruit yield and water use efficiency of jujube in Southern Xinjiang. |
| Key words: water-potassium fertilizer coupling; chlorophyll a; chlorophyll b; photosynthetic characteristics; yield |
