| 引用本文: | 秦京涛,吕谋超,李 浩,等.生物炭用量、灌水量和施氮量对华北地区
滴灌冬小麦产量及水氮利用的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(4):15-23. |
| QIN Jingtao,LYU Mouchao,LI Hao,et al.生物炭用量、灌水量和施氮量对华北地区
滴灌冬小麦产量及水氮利用的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(4):15-23. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究滴灌条件下华北地区冬小麦农田适宜的生物炭用量、灌水量和施氮量组合方式。【方法】采用三因子三水平的正交试验设计，于2021—2022年冬小麦季开展田间小区试验，研究滴灌条件下不同生物炭用量水平（0、12.5、25 t/hm2）、不同灌水量水平（75%ETc、100%ETc、125%ETc，其中ETc为单作物系数法估算的作物蒸发蒸腾量）和不同施氮量水平（120、180、240 kg/hm2）对冬小麦产量及水氮利用的影响。【结果】生物炭用量对冬小麦总耗水量、氮素积累量、产量、水分利用效率（WUE）和氮肥表观利用效率（NUE）的影响均较小且均没有达到显著性水平。灌水量对冬小麦籽粒产量无显著影响，但增加灌水量显著提高了冬小麦总耗水量，并且降低了WUE，但未达到显著水平。增加施氮量显著提高了冬小麦籽粒产量、氮素积累量，提高了WUE但不显著，显著降低了NUE。本试验条件下冬小麦产量的提升是通过提高成穗数和单穗籽粒数来实现的。施氮量是影响冬小麦产量、地上部分氮素积累量、NUE的主要因素，灌水量和生物炭用量对这3个指标的影响均较小且不显著。【结论】尽管75%ETc的灌水量没有降低冬小麦产量且其WUE较高，但考虑到本次试验期降水量较高，从稳产和经济角度考虑，试验初步推荐滴灌条件下华北地区生物炭用量、灌水量、施氮量水平分别为0 t/hm2、100%ETc、240 kg/hm2。 |
| 关键词: 生物炭；灌水；施氮；冬小麦；水氮利用效率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024301 |
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| Impact of biochar, irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on yield and resource use efficiency of drip-irrigated winter wheat in Northern China |
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QIN Jingtao, LYU Mouchao, LI Hao, ZHANG Wenzheng, TIAN Guilin
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Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of
Water Saving Irrigation Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Xinxiang 453002, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Agricultural production in Northern China faces two major challenges: water scarcity and low fertilizer efficiency. Improving management practices to enhance water and nitrogen use efficiency is therefore crucial for developing sustainable agriculture in this region. This study investigates how biochar application, irrigation, and nitrogen fertilization can be optimized to improve crop growth and yield. 【Method】A field experiment using a three-factor, three-level orthogonal design was conducted in a winter wheat field from 2021 to 2022. The experiment included three biochar application rates (0, 12.5, and 25 t/hm2), three irrigation treatments (75%, 100%, and 125% of evapotranspiration), and three nitrogen application levels (120, 180, and 240 kg/hm2). During the experiment, we measured grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of the crop. 【Result】Biochar application had an insignificant effect on water consumption, nitrogen accumulation, grain yield, WUE, and NUE. Irrigation levels did not significantly affect grain yield; however, increasing irrigation increased water consumption and decreased WUE, though these effects were not statistically significant. Increasing nitrogen fertilization significantly enhanced grain yield and nitrogen accumulation but reduced NUE. Statistical analysis indicated that nitrogen application was the primary factor affecting grain yield, nitrogen accumulation, and NUE, whereas irrigation and biochar application had no significant impact on these traits.【Conclusion】Irrigating at 75% of evapotranspiration did not reduce grain yield and resulted in the highest WUE. Due to high precipitation during the experiment, however, the optimal management strategy for winter wheat under drip irrigation in this study was 0 t/hm2 of biochar, 100% of evapotranspiration for irrigation, and 240 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilization. |
| Key words: biochar; irrigation; nitrogen application; winter wheat; water and nitrogen utilization efficiency |
