| 引用本文: | 陈士超,牛乾臻,郭富强,等.乌梁素海流域生态排水沟氮磷削减效应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(4):89-99. |
| CHEN Shichao, NIU Qianzhen, GUO Fuqiang, HUO Yizhen, ZENG Libin, HU Zhen,CHEN Shichao, NIU Qianzhen, GUO Fuqiang, HUO Yizhen, ZENG Libin, HU Zhen,CHEN Shichao, NIU Qianzhen, GUO Fuqiang, HUO Yizhen, ZENG Libin, HU Zhen,et al.乌梁素海流域生态排水沟氮磷削减效应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(4):89-99. |
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| 乌梁素海流域生态排水沟氮磷削减效应研究 |
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陈士超，牛乾臻，郭富强，霍轶珍，曾利彬，胡 振
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1.内蒙古农业大学，呼和浩特 010000；2.河套学院，内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015000；
3.内蒙古巴彦淖尔市生态乌梁素海保护中心/巴彦淖尔市临河黄河国家湿地公园管理中心，
内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015000；4.武汉振煜环境科技有限公司，武汉 430040
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】减轻乌梁素海流域水体富营养化，降低水环境污染，掌握生态排水沟对污染物的削减效果。【方法】采用模拟农田排水沟结构、栽植不同植物、设置不同基质排水沟的方法，研究了斜茎黄芪处理（T1），黄花草木樨处理（T2），紫花苜蓿处理（T3），微生物生物绳处理（T4），微生物生物片处理（T5）和对照（T6）条件下上覆水、底泥和植物体中氮、磷的变化规律。【结果】通过对生态排水沟的总贡献率分析可知，T1处理上覆水总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）削减效率最佳，分别为71.61%、80.51%；T1处理底泥TN、TP吸附效率最佳，分别为48.81%、71.31%；T1处理植物TN、TP吸收效率最佳，分别为20.44%、69.21%。通过不同时间段分析可知，斜茎黄芪对于去除农田排水中TN、TP效果最佳，削减率分别为71.61%、80.51%；在不同水力停留时间下，0~6 h对于农田排水中TN、TP去除效果最佳，削减率分别为39.18%、35.41%。在氮素、磷素平衡分析中，在相同的施氮水平下，T1处理植物中氮素表观变化最大，为5.25 g/kg，氮素流失最小；在相同的施磷水平下，T1处理植物中磷素表观变化最大，为3.08 g/kg，上覆水磷素表观变化最大，为7.64 mg/L。【结论】经过各处理间总体削减效率、单因素方差及隶属函数分析，经过植物处理氮磷平衡分析，斜茎黄芪植物应用在乌梁素海流域生态排水沟中削减效率最佳和稳定性均最佳。具有，在乌梁素海流域河套灌区农田退水过程中，控制农业面源污染的应用前景。 |
| 关键词: 生态排水沟；面源污染；上覆水；底泥；吸收率；氮磷平衡 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024299 |
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| Efficacy of different phytoremediation methods for removing nitrogen and phosphorus in drainage ditches of the Wuliangsuhai watershed |
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CHEN Shichao, NIU Qianzhen, GUO Fuqiang, HUO Yizhen, ZENG Libin, HU Zhen
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1. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010000, China; 2. Hetao College, Bayannur 015000, China;
3. Inner Mongolia Bayannur City Ecological Wuliangsuhai Protection Center/Bayannur City Linhe Yellow River National Wetland Park Management Center, Bayannur 015000, China; 4. Wuhan Zhenyu Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430040, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) leaching from the Hetao Irrigation District have led to eutrophication and water pollution in Wuliangsuhai Lake. Over the past decade, various phytoremediation techniques have been developed to address this issue. This study compares the effectiveness of different vegetative buffer strips in removing N and P from drainage ditches. 【Method】Drainage ditches were constructed to evaluate the effectiveness of various vegetative buffer strips in removing N and P. The plants and phytoremediation techniques compared in this study included Astragalus membranaceus var. obliquus (T1), Melilotus officinalis (T2), Medicago sativa (T3), microbial biological ropes (T4), and microbial biological sheets (T5). The control group had no remediation (CK). In each treatment, we measured changes in N and P concentrations in the water, sediment, and plant tissues.【Result】T1 (Astragalus membranaceus var. obliquus) was the most effective in reducing N and P, with total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) reduction rates in the water reaching 71.61% and 80.51%, respectively. It also adsorbed the highest amounts of N and P into the sediments, with adsorption rates of 48.81% for TN and 71.31% for TP. The associated absorption by plant tissues was 20.44% for TN and 69.21% for TP. Among all the plant species tested, Astragalus membranaceus var. obliquus was the most effective for removing TN and TP from the drainage. Our results also showed that a hydraulic retention time of 0-6 hours was most effective for pollutant removal, with TN and TP removal rates of 39.18% and 35.41%, respectively. Nutrient balance analysis indicated that, under the same conditions, T1 had the highest N and P uptake, reaching 5.25 g/kg and 3.08 g/kg, respectively, and the lowest nitrogen loss and changes in the water bodies (7.64 mg/L). 【Conclusion】Our results demonstrate that Astragalus membranaceus var. obliquus is the most effective plant species for removing N and P from drainage ditches. It is therefore a promising phytoremediation method to mitigate eutrophication and water pollution in the Hetao Irrigation District. |
| Key words: ecological drainage ditch; non-point source pollution; overlying water; sediment; absorption rate; nitrogen and phosphorus balance |
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