引用本文: | 米博宇,贾志军,陈皓锐,等.不同节水条件对河套灌区典型灌域水盐动态的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(6):72-79. |
| MI Boyu,JIA Zhijun,CHEN Haorui,et al.不同节水条件对河套灌区典型灌域水盐动态的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(6):72-79. |
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不同节水条件对河套灌区典型灌域水盐动态的影响 |
米博宇,贾志军,陈皓锐,常晓敏,
王淮亮,王少丽,管孝艳,刘 勇
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1.中国水利水电科学研究院 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京 100038;
2.国家节水灌溉北京工程技术研究中心,北京 100048;3.河北省水资源研究与水利技术试验
推广中心,石家庄 050061;4.鄂尔多斯市水利事业发展中心,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯 017200;
5.水利部宁夏引黄灌区农业灌溉野外科学观测研究站,银川 750021
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摘要: |
【目的】探究不同节水措施与强度对河套灌区典型灌域水盐动态的影响,为节水灌溉条件下的灌区水盐精准调控提供理论依据。【方法】以河套灌区沙壕渠分干灌域为研究区,构建水盐运移耦合模型,利用2018年和2019年实测数据进行模型率定和验证,设置基准方案和6种节水措施与强度的情景方案,分析其对地下水位、土壤盐分累积及作物腾发量的影响。【结果】减少灌溉定额导致地下水位显著下降并加剧盐分累积,渠道衬砌在节水的同时增加排盐量,井渠结合方案因使用微咸地下水灌溉,导致最终积盐量显著增加。地下水位降幅与节水强度呈显著线性关系,节水比例每增加10%(34.5 mm),地下水位降幅增加0.183 m。0~1 m土层可分为0~0.2 m脱盐区、0.2~0.4 m过渡区和0.4~1.0 m积盐区,且地下水补给与排盐过程存在负相关,地下水补给量每增加10 mm,排盐量减少33.9 g/m2。各方案下的作物腾发量变化较小。【结论】渠道衬砌是优化灌区水盐动态的有效措施,可实现节水与控盐双重效益,减少灌溉定额和井渠结合方案会在一定程度上加剧土壤盐分累积。 |
关键词: 河套灌区;节水;水盐动态;水盐运动模型 |
DOI:10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025117 |
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Effects of different water-saving irrigation strategies on water and salt dynamics in the Hetao Irrigation District |
MI Boyu, JIA Zhijun, CHEN Haorui, CHANG Xiaomin, WANG Huailiang,
WANG Shaoli, GUAN Xiaoyan, LIU Yong
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1. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; 2. National Center for Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research-Beijing, Beijing 100048, China; 3. Hebei Research and Promotion Center for Water Resources and Hydraulic Technology,
Shijiazhuang 050061, China; 4. Ordos Water Affairs Development Center, Ordos 017200, China; 5. Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation District Agricultural Irrigation Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Water Resources, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Abstract: |
【Objective】The Hetao Irrigation District relies heavily on surface water for irrigation, and the balance between water conservation and salt management is a major challenge. In this paper, we investigate the effects of various water-saving strategies on water and salt dynamics in a representative area within the district.【Method】A modeling-based approach was used, in which a coupled water-salt transport model was developed, calibrated, and validated using data collected in 2018 and 2019 from a representative field site. The validated model was then used to simulate soil water and salt dynamics under a baseline scenario and six alternative water-saving scenarios. Simulation results were analyzed to optimize irrigation practices, focusing on their impacts on groundwater levels, soil salt accumulation, and crop evapotranspiration.【Result】Reducing irrigation amounts lowered the groundwater table but increased in salt accumulation. Canal lining reduced water consumption and enhanced soil desalination. Combined use of brackish groundwater and canal water for irrigation led to an increase in salt accumulation. A linear relationship was found between water-saving intensity and decline in groundwater table, in that for every 10% reduction in irrigation water (approximately 34.5 mm), the groundwater table was lowered by 0.183 m. The 0-100 cm soil profile was divided into three zones based on salt dynamics: a desalination zone (0-20 cm), a transition zone (20-40 cm), and a salt accumulation zone (40-100 cm). Groundwater recharge and salt leaching were negatively correlated, in that for every 10 mm increase in recharge, salt leaching decreased by 33.9 g/m2. No significant variation in crop evapotranspiration was found among all scenarios.【Conclusion】Canal lining is an effective method to achieve both water savings and salt control. In contrast, reducing irrigation amount or using mixed irrigation with brackish and canal water tends to increase soil salinity. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate water-saving strategies to balance water conservation and salinity management in arid irrigation districts. |
Key words: Hetao Irrigation District; water-saving; water and salt dynamics; water and salt movement model |
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