| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究复垦植被类型对露天煤矿排土场土壤质量的影响，为矿区生态修复提供数据支撑和理论参考。【方法】通过现场采样和室内实验，研究露天煤矿排土场复垦区人工林地、人工草地、撂荒地的土壤理化性质及其差异性，采用主成分分析法评价排土场土壤质量。【结果】①排土场不同植被恢复类型下0~50 cm土层土壤含水率平均值表现为人工林地（14.23%）＞人工草地（13.56%）＞撂荒地（11.07%），土壤体积质量的变化趋势则相反；随着土层深度的增加，排土场3个植被恢复类型土壤含水率均减小，土壤体积质量增大；排土场土壤质地为砂土。②排土场人工林地、人工草地、撂荒地0~50 cm土层土壤有机质量为28.29、24.99、23.52 g/kg，其等级为中等水平；人工林地土壤全氮量和全磷量很丰富，人工草地和撂荒地较缺乏；3个植被恢复类型土壤全钾量丰富；3个植被恢复类型土壤碱解氮量和速效磷量缺乏，而土壤速效钾量相对较为丰富；③随着土层深度的增加，排土场3个植被恢复类型土壤化学性质呈减小趋势。排土场土壤体积质量与土壤含水率、有机质量、全氮量、全钾量、碱解氮量、速效磷量、速效钾量显著负相关，土壤有机质量与土壤含水率、全氮量、全磷量、全钾量、碱解氮量、速效磷量、速效钾量呈显著正相关；主成分分析表明，人工林地、人工草地和撂荒地土壤质量综合评价指数依次为1.819、-0.433、-1.386，说明该排土场人工林恢复类型效果最佳，其土壤质量恢复的最好。【结论】植被恢复可以有效改善排土场土壤理化性质，提高土壤质量，且人工林地的改良效果最佳。 |
| 关键词: 排土场；土壤质量；植被类型；生态修复 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024320 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Effectiveness of different reclaimed vegetation types in improving soil quality on coal mine spoil heaps |
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HU Yaoyun
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Haoyun Engineering Design Co., Ltd, Shenyang 110102, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Vegetation restoration is a widely applied strategy for improving soil quality in mining areas degraded by excavation and other anthropogenic activities. This study evaluates the effectiveness of different vegetation types in enhancing soil quality on a coal mine dump site. 【Method】Field sampling and laboratory analyses were conducted to examine the physical and chemical properties of soils under three vegetation types: artificial forest land, artificial grassland, and bare land (no artificial plantation). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the key factors that influence soil quality.【Results】① The ability of vegetation types to retain soil water content in the 0-50 cm soil layer ranked as follows: artificial forest land (14.23%)＞artificial grassland (13.56%)＞bare land (11.07%). Conversely, soil bulk density followed the opposite trend. With increasing depth, soil water content decreased, while soil bulk density increased across all treatments. ② Organic matter content in the 0-50 cm layer was highest under artificial forest land (28.29 g/kg), followed by artificial grassland (24.99 g/kg) and bare land (23.52 g/kg). Total nitrogen and phosphorus contents were also higher in the artificial forest land compared to the other treatments. Across all treatments, total and available potassium levels were relatively high, whereas alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus levels were low. ③ Soil nutrient contents generally decreased with depth. Soil bulk density was negatively correlated with soil water content, organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. In contrast, organic matter showed strong positive correlations with all measured nutrients and water content. ④ PCA results showed that the comprehensive soil quality indices for artificial forest land, artificial grassland, and bare land were 1.819, -0.433, and -1.386, respectively, indicating that artificial forest land had the greatest impact on soil quality restoration.【Conclusion】Vegetation restoration significantly improved the physical and chemical properties of soils in the coal mine dump sites, with artificial forest land being the most effective in enhancing overall soil quality. |
| Key words: dump; soil quality; vegetation type; ecological restoration |
