| 引用本文: | 范子康,王春霞,俞 靖,等.新疆奇台县主粮作物农田土壤质量空间变异特征分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(7):54-63. |
| FAN Zikang,WANG Chunxia,YU Jing,et al.新疆奇台县主粮作物农田土壤质量空间变异特征分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(7):54-63. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】奇台县作为新疆主粮作物主产区，全面推行飞防、北斗导航、精量播种、水肥一体化等现代化农业新技术，分析该区域土壤质量空间分布情况，为发展农业智慧化精准管控提高主粮作物产量提供数据基础。【方法】在小麦、玉米收获后选取69个采样点，采样间隔为700 m，采集0~40 cm土层土壤，混合后测定土壤粒径组成及土壤养分指标。运用经典统计学方法分析各土壤指标间的相关性，运用地统计学的方法分析各土壤指标的空间变异特征，基于土壤质量指数（SQI）对其土壤质量进行评价。【结果】该区域的土壤质地较粗，土壤呈碱性；土壤pH值、SOM、Dv属于弱变异，土壤其他指标均属于中等变异；土壤AFe、AMn、AZn、SOM、Dv均有中等的空间自相关性，而其他指标均具有较强的空间自相关性；土壤质量为中等偏上。【结论】该区域土壤质地较粗，保水性、保肥性差，应当采用“高频少量”滴灌方式减少土壤养分淋失，同时适量施加酸性有机肥以提高土壤有机质改善土壤结构，提升土壤对氮肥和锌肥的利用。 |
| 关键词: 空间变异特征；经典统计学；地统计学；土壤质量指数；主粮作物农田 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024404 |
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| Spatial variation of soil quality in key grain-producing areas of Qitai County, Xinjiang |
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FAN Zikang, WANG Chunxia, YU Jing, QIN Da, YANG Yuefa, WANG Hongxin
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1. School of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Ecological Water Conservancy Engineering Corps in Cold and Arid Regions, Shihezi 832000, China;
3. Qitai County Water Conservancy Management Station, Qitai 831800, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Qitai County, a major grain-producing area in Xinjiang, is adopting modern agricultural technologies such as aerial pest control, Beidou navigation, precision sowing, and integrated water-fertilizer management. Taking Yaozhanzi village as an example, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution of soil quality in the region to provide a baseline for intelligent and precise agricultural management. 【Method】After harvesting wheat and corn, 69 soil sampling points were selected at 700 m intervals across the region. Samples were taken from the 0-40 cm soil layer for determining soil particle size composition and nutrient contents. Classical statistical methods were used to analyze the correlations between indicators, and geostatistical methods were used to assess the spatial variation of each indicator. Soil quality was evaluated using the soil quality index (SQI).【Result】Soil texture in the study area is coarse and alkaline. Soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and soil bulk density showed low spatial variability, whereas other soil indicators show moderate variability. Soil available iron, manganese, zinc, SOM, and soil bulk density showed moderate spatial autocorrelation, while other indicators showed strong spatial autocorrelation. Overall, soil quality was above average.【Conclusion】The coarse nature of soil texture in the region resulted in poor water and nutrient retention. Therefore, a high-frequency, low-volume drip irrigation strategy is recommended to reduce nutrient and water leaching. Additionally, applying an appropriate amount of acidic organic fertilizer can increase soil organic matter, improve soil structure, and enhance nitrogen and zinc fertilizer use efficiency. |
| Key words: spatial variability characteristics; classical statistics; geostatistics; soil quality index; main grain crops in farmland |
