| 引用本文: | 刘承岳,杨 广,王春霞,等.灌水量与覆膜对棉花光合特性与产量构成的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):1-9. |
| LIU Chengyue,YANG Guang,WANG Chunxia,et al.灌水量与覆膜对棉花光合特性与产量构成的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):1-9. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究覆膜条件下水分对棉花光合特性和产量构成的影响机制。【方法】采取二因素裂区田间试验，主区为灌水量，分别为3 360 m3/hm2（W1）、4 200 m3/hm2（W2）和5 040 m3/hm2（W3）；副区为覆盖类型，设有覆膜（P1）与裸土（P2）2种覆盖方式，分析灌水量与覆膜对棉花生理生长特征的影响。【结果】①花铃期W1、W2、W3处理灌水量下，覆膜较裸土处理净光合速率分别提高17.15%、13.84%、10.86%，蒸腾速率提高10.91%、9.57%、4.93%；覆膜条件下，W3处理较W1、W2处理净光合速率提高14.76%、31.69%，蒸腾速率提高35.87%、12.39%。覆膜与灌水均能促进棉花净光合速率与蒸腾速率，但随着灌水量增加，覆膜对净光合速率和蒸腾速率促进作用逐渐降低。②覆膜改变了叶面积发育模式，P1处理棉花叶面积指数（LAI）与叶绿素量（SPAD值）均在花铃前期达到最大值，P2处理则在花铃后期达到最大值，生育期内各处理LAI与SPAD值呈先增大后减小单峰曲线变化。③覆膜在提高棉花干物质累积量的同时还提高了棉花生殖器官干物质量占比，有利于将光合物质转化为产量，花铃期覆膜下各灌水处理棉花生殖器官干物质量占比较裸土各灌水处理分别高8.76%、8.61%、7.53%。覆膜对棉花生育前期干物质累积速率有促进作用，吐絮期，P2处理干物质累积速率超过P1处理。【结论】覆膜有效提高了棉花光合作用，进而提高棉花干物质转化能力促进棉花增产；灌水对棉花光合作用也具有显著影响，同时对裸土处理棉花的促进作用更为显著，灌水通过影响棉花单铃质量进而影响棉花产量。 |
| 关键词: 棉花；覆膜；灌水量；光合特性；产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025001 |
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| Combined effect of irrigation and mulching on photosynthesis and yield traits of cotton |
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LIU Chengyue, YANG Guang, WANG Chunxia, ZHANG Heng, ZHANG Shuo, SUN Rui
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1. College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; 2. Key Laboratory of
Cold and Arid Regions Eco-hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Mulching has been widely used in Northwestern China as a water-saving technology to modify soil moisture and temperature, potentially enhancing cotton photosynthesis and yield. This paper investigates the combined effects of irrigation and mulching on photosynthesis and yield components of cotton.【Method】The field experiment was conducted in a cotton field. It had three irrigation amount treatments: 3 360 m3/hm2 (W1), 4 200 m3/hm2 (W2) and 5 040 m3/hm2 (W3); each irrigation treatment had a film mulching treatment (P1) and a treatment without mulching (P2). During the experiment, we measured the physiological traits, leaf area development, dry matter accumulation and yield composition.【Result】① During the flowering period, W1 to W3 with mulching increased net photosynthetic rates by 17.15%, 13.84% and 10.86%, respectively, compared to those without mulching; their corresponding transpiration rates increased by 10.91%, 9.57% and 4.93%. With mulching, W3 increased the net photosynthetic rate by 14.76% and 31.69%, and transpiration rate by 35.87% and 12.39%, respectively, compared to W1 and W2. While mulching and irrigation enhanced photosynthesis and transpiration, increasing irrigation amount attenuated the effect of mulching. ② Mulching altered leaf development. Leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll content (SPAD) in P1 peaked earlier during the flowering stage compared to that in P2. As the plant grew, both LAI and SPAD increased first and then declined. ③ Mulching increased dry matter accumulation and the proportion allocated to reproductive organs, enhancing the conversion of photosynthates into yield. The proportion of dry matter in reproductive organs under mulching was 7.53% to 8.76% higher than that without mulching, regardless of irrigation amount and growing stages. Mulching accelerated early-stage dry matter accumulation, although at the boll-opening stage, not mulching facilitated dry matter accumulation.【Conclusion】Mulching improved cotton photosynthesis and dry matter conversion efficiency, leading to higher yield. Irrigation influences cotton photosynthesis and yield by increasing the weight of individual bolls. Combined use of film mulching and optimized irrigation is an effective water-saving strategy to enhance cotton productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. |
| Key words: cotton; mulching; irrigation amount; photosynthetic characteristics; yield |
