| 引用本文: | 许加一,杨 芸,孙池涛,等.有机肥协同氮肥对黄河三角洲盐碱地水盐分布和冬小麦产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):82-92. |
| XU Jiayi,YANG Yun,SUN Chitao,et al.有机肥协同氮肥对黄河三角洲盐碱地水盐分布和冬小麦产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):82-92. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】提升盐碱地肥力水平，解决黄河三角洲盐碱地冬小麦产量低等问题。【方法】采用二因素裂区试验设计，以有机肥为主因素，设置0 kg/hm2（F0）和75 kg/hm2（F1）2个施用量；施氮量为副因素，设置180 kg/hm2（N1）、225 kg/hm2（N2）、270 kg/hm2（N3）3个水平，研究二者互作对黄河三角洲盐碱土壤水盐分布和冬小麦产量的影响。【结果】①生育期内F1处理0~40 cm土层平均保水性能高于F0处理，且随施氮量的增加土壤保水性增强。全生育期F1处理土壤盐分均低于F0处理，且在0~40 cm土层处尤为明显。收获期F1N3处理0~40、0~100 cm土壤盐分较F0N3处理下降45.65%和29.16%；②F1处理冬小麦最大株高、叶面积、干物质积累量和花后干物质积累量对籽粒的贡献率比F0处理分别提高15.42%、3.80%、19.54%、17.70%。F1N3处理产量及构成要素显著高于其他处理，收获指数达到45.07%，氮肥偏生产力为34.11 kg/kg，氮肥偏生产力仅低于F1N2处理；③相关性分析表明，土壤盐分与冬小麦株高、产量等农艺性状呈极显著负相关，综合评价分析表明最优为F1N3处理。【结论】黄河三角洲盐碱地冬小麦采用底施有机肥75 kg/hm2协同水肥一体化施用氮肥270 kg/hm2的方案可获得降盐高产的生产目标。本研究可为黄河三角洲地区改良盐碱地冬小麦稳产高产提供理论支撑和技术参考。 |
| 关键词: 黄河三角洲；盐碱地；有机肥；氮肥；冬小麦 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025158 |
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| Combined impact of organic and mineral nitrogen fertilization on water and salt dynamics and yield of winter wheat in saline-alkaline soils in the Yellow River Delta |
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XU Jiayi, YANG Yun, SUN Chitao, WANG Xiaohan, ZHU Hai, ZHANG Junpeng, BAO Jianping, WEN Yanchen
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1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/Shandong Key Laboratory of
Agricultural Water-saving Technology and Equipment/Graduate Innovation College of Saline-alkali Land Comprehensive Utilization, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China; 2. National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-alkali Lands, Dongying 257347, China; 3. Binzhou Yellow River Irrigation Service Center, Binzhou 256600, China;
4. Dezhou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Soil salinity and alkalinity is an abiotic factor affecting crop growth in the Yellow River Delta, and various methods have been developed to improve its fertility. This paper experimentally investigates the influence of combination of organic and mineral nitrogen fertilizations on water and salt dynamics, as well as the yield of winter wheat in this type of soil.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a wheat field. It consisted of two organic fertilization treatments: 0 kg/hm2 (F0) and 75 kg/hm2 (F1); each treatment had three mineral nitrogen applications: 180 kg/hm2 (N1), 225 kg/hm2 (N2) and 270 kg/hm2 (N3). During the experiment, we measured soil water and salt distribution along the soil profiles, as well as grain yield of the wheat. 【Result】① During wheat growth period, average soil water content in the 0-40 cm soil layer in the F1 treatment was higher than that in the F0 treatment, and soil water content in both F treatments increased as nitrogen application increased. Over the whole wheat growth period, soil salinity, especially in the 0-40m soil layer, in the F1 treatment was lower than that in the F0 treatment. At harvest stage, F1N3 reduced soil salinity in the 0-40 cm layer and the 0-100 cm layer by 45.65% and 29.16%, respectively, compared F0N3. ② Compared to F0, F1 increased maximum plant height, leaf area, dry matter accumulation, and contribution of post-anthesis dry matter accumulation to grains by 15.42%, 3.80%, 19.54% and 17.70%, respectively. F1N3 increased grain yield and its components significantly, compared to other treatments; its harvest index was 45.07% and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer was 34.11 kg/kg, lower only than that in F1N2. ③ Correlation analysis showed that soil salinity was negatively correlated with plant height and grain yield, while grain yield was positively correlated with dry matter accumulation and spike numbers per unit area, both at significantly levels. Comprehensive evaluation analysis indicated that F1N3 was optimal among all treatments.【Conclusion】Applying 75 kg/hm2 of organic fertilizer as base fertilization combined with topdressing 270 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer can effectively reduce soil salinity and increase yield of winter wheat in the saline and alkaline soil in the Yellow River Delta, despite its partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer tending to decrease. These results provide guidance for improving winter wheat production in this region. |
| Key words: Yellow River Delta; saline-alkaline soil; organic fertilizer; nitrogen fertilizer; winter wheat |
