| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索缓解南疆地区棉花出苗难和季节性用水紧张的解决方法。【方法】以南疆膜下滴灌棉花为研究对象，设置播种方式和咸水补灌两因素随机区组的田间试验，其中播种方式分别为冬灌+滴水出苗（T1、T2处理和T3处理），干播湿出（T4、T5处理和T6处理），干播湿出+黄腐酸（T7、T8处理和T9处理）），咸水补灌分别为6次淡水（T1、T4处理和T7处理），6次淡水+2次咸水（T2、T5处理和T8处理），8次淡水（T3、T6处理和T9处理）。研究干播湿出和咸水补灌对土壤水盐运移，以及棉花的出苗率、产量、和植株氮、磷、钾养分吸收量及干物质积累的影响。【结果】与冬灌+滴水出苗相比，干播湿出+黄腐酸处理（T7、T8处理和T9处理）的出苗率、苗期的土壤含水率苗期干物质量分别平均提高了13.56 %、13.66 %和21.23%，而苗期土壤电导率平均降低了11.33%。与6次淡水处理（T1、T4处理和T7处理）相比，咸水处理下（T2、T5处理和T8处理）植株干物质积累量、氮、磷、钾的吸收量、产量以及耕层土壤含水率和电导率分别平均提高了9.81%、3.79%、7.63%、4.94%、10.13%、3.49%和3.22%；与8次淡水处理（T3、T6处理和T9处理）相比，咸水处理植株干物质积累量、氮、磷、钾的吸收量、产量以及耕层土壤含水率分别平均降低了6.24%、9.91%、3.76%、6.66%、4.87%和3.31%，耕层土壤电导率平均增加了9.29%。【结论】在南疆苗期低温和高盐条件下，进行干播湿出辅助黄腐酸，能够降低土壤表层盐分，促进棉花出苗；在季节性缺水时，进行咸水补灌，能够起到保水和稳产的效果。 |
| 关键词: 干播湿出；咸水补灌；出苗率；产量；养分吸收；干物质积累 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024308 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Influence of sowing methods and irrigation strategies on cotton growth and soil nutrient dynamics |
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WANG Juanhong, CHE Qingxuan, ZHOU Leru, MA Yue, WU Yuwen, WU Xiaoqian, CHEN Bolang
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1. College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 8300522, China;
2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, Urumqi 830052, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Cotton is a commercial crop in southern Xinjiang and its production relies heavily on irrigation. This study investigates the effects of sowing methods and irrigation strategies on cotton seed germination, subsequent growth, nutrient dynamics and uptake, as well as cotton yield.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a cotton field with film mulching and drip irrigation using both freshwater and saline water. In the experiment, we compared three sowing methods: Winter irrigation combined with seedling-emergence-assistant irrigation (T1); sowing in dry soil followed by seedling-emergence-assistant irrigation (T2), sowing in dry soil amended with fulvic acid, followed by seedling-emergence-assistant irrigation (T3). For each sowing method, there were three irrigation treatments: Irrigating six times using freshwater (I1), irrigating six times with freshwater and two times with saline water (I2), irrigating eight times with freshwater. Overall, there were nine treatments. During the experiment, we measured soil water and salt dynamics, seedling emergence rate, cotton yield, nutrient uptake and dynamics, dry matter accumulation, as well as changes in contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soils.【Result】Compared with T1, on average, T3 increased seedling emergence rate and soil moisture content at the seedling stage by 13.56%, 13.66%, respectively, while reducing soil solution electrical conductivity by 11.53%. Compared with I1, on average, I2 increased dry matter accumulation, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake, cotton yield, soil moisture content and soil solution electrical conductivity by 9.81%, 3.79%, 7.63%, 4.94%, 10.13%, 3.49% and 3.22%, respectively. Compared with I3, on average, I2 reduced the dry matter accumulation, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake, cotton yield and soil moisture content of the topsoil by 6.24%, 9.91%, 3.76%, 6.66%, 4.87% and 3.31%, respectively, while increasing soil solution electrical conductivity by 9.29%.【Conclusion】Under the low-temperature and high-salinity conditions in southern Xinjiang, dry sowing with fulvic acid amendment can reduce topsoil salinity and enhance seedling emergence. Under seasonal freshwater shortages, supplemental irrigation with saline water can maintain cotton growth and stabilize yield. |
| Key words: dry sowing and wet extraction; saline irrigation; seedling emergence rate; yield; nutrient absorption; dry matter accumulation |
