| 引用本文: | 陈 诚,刘永峰,肖 蒙,等.引黄灌区灌排肥协同作用对水盐运移的
影响机制与规律研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(12):57-65. |
| CHEN Cheng,LIU Yongfeng,XIAO Meng,et al.引黄灌区灌排肥协同作用对水盐运移的
影响机制与规律研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(12):57-65. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨黄河下游合理的灌溉-排水-施肥制度及其水盐运移的调控机制，为防治土壤盐渍化提供理论依据。【方法】设置灌水量（1 800、2 400、2 700 m3/hm2）、排水强度（3、5、7 cm/d）和施氮量（0、150、300 kg/hm2）3因素共10个处理（含对照CK）。通过滴灌系统供水和强排水措施，分析不同处理组合模式下的土壤pH值、含水率和含盐量的时空分异特征及变化规律。【结果】①排水显著降低土壤pH值，0~100 cm土层pH值降幅达1.54%~4.14%；施肥提升表层土壤pH值0.2%~1.2%，且效应随土层加深而减弱；②灌水与施肥提高土壤含水率（N20处理表层含水率较CK增加8%），排水降低含水率（PS3处理深层土壤含水率下降10%）；③灌排措施促进盐分淋洗（GS80处理土壤含盐量降幅达34%），施肥增加盐分累积量（N20处理盐分累积量较CK增加18%~37%）。④灌水定额对土壤水盐时空变化的影响显著高于排水强度及施肥水平的影响。【结论】灌水定额是土壤水盐运移的首要驱动因子，优化灌排制度可有效调控土壤盐碱化，但过量施肥会加剧盐分累积。推荐采用高频小定额灌溉结合周期性排水及控释肥料，有望同步实现土壤pH值稳定、含水率提升及盐分削减。 |
| 关键词: 引黄灌区；灌-排-肥；水盐迁移；影响机制 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025172 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Combined effects of irrigation, drainage and fertilization on soil water and salt dynamics in Yellow River water-irrigated districts |
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CHEN Cheng, LIU Yongfeng, XIAO Meng, YAO Wenyi, LIU Guangming, HOU Liting
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1. Yellow River Water Conservancy Technical University, Kaifeng 475003, China;
2. Henan Hydro-Environmental Consulting & Engineering Co., Ltd., Sanmenxia 472000, China;
3. Yellow River Water Conservancy Committee Yellow River Water Conservancy Science Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450003, China;
4. Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Nanjing 211135, China;
5. Henan Engineering Research Center of Eco-hydraulic for Small Watershed, Kaifeng 475003, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Soil salinization is a major constraint to agricultural production in regions irrigated using diverted exogenous water. This paper presents the results of a field experiment that explored how irrigation, drainage and fertilization can be optimized to alleviate the adverse effects of soil salinization in Yellow River water-irrigated districts in China. 【Method】The experiment was conducted in a drip-irrigated area. It consisted of ten treatments with different combinations of irrigation amounts (ranging between 1 800 and 2 700 m3/hm2), drainage intensity (varying between 3 and 7 cm/d), and nitrogen fertilization (varying between 0 and 300 kg/hm2). During the experiment, we measured the changes in soil pH, soil water and salt content in the 0-100 cm soil profile. 【Result】① Drainage significantly reduced soil pH by 1.54%-4.14% in the 0-100 cm soil profile, while nitrogen fertilization increased pH of the topsoil by 0.2%-1.2%. Irrigation and nitrogen fertilization notably increased soil water content in the top 0-20 cm soil, while drainage reduced it, especially in the subsoil, by up to 10%. ② Combination of irrigation and drainage increased salt leaching by up to 34%, whereas fertilization increased salt accumulation by 18%-37%, compared to the control. ③ Quantitative analysis revealed that irrigation amount had the strongest influence on spatiotemporal dynamics of soil water and salt, followed by drainage frequency and intensity. 【Conclusion】Irrigation amount is the primary factor regulating soil water-salt dynamics in Yellow River water-irrigated areas. Optimizing irrigation and drainage can effectively mitigate soil salinization, whereas excessive fertilization exacerbates salt accumulation. A management strategy combining high-frequency and low-volume irrigation, periodic intensive drainage, and controlled-release fertilization can stabilize soil pH, maintain optimal root-zone soil water content, and reduce salt accumulation. Ou results provide a practical solution for mitigating soil salinization in the study regions. |
| Key words: Yellow River Irrigation District; Irrigation-drainage-fertilization; water-salt transport; influencing mechanisms |
