| 引用本文: | 钱佳霖,冯 雄,卜灵心,等.宁蒙灌区气象、土壤干旱和水分利用效率的
时空动态及滞后响应[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(12):82-92. |
| QIAN Jialin,FENG Xiong,BU Lingxin,et al.宁蒙灌区气象、土壤干旱和水分利用效率的
时空动态及滞后响应[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(12):82-92. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究宁蒙灌区尺度气象干旱、土壤干旱及水分利用效率（WUE）的时空动态变化规律，揭示农田生态系统对气象干旱和土壤干旱的响应特征。【方法】采用趋势分析、Pearson相关系数分析等方法，基于GLASS、SPEI-GD和GLEAMv3.5等数据集，开展1989—2018年宁蒙灌区水分利用效率（WUE）、总初级生产力（GPP）、蒸散发（ET）、标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）和土壤水分异常指数（SMAI）的时空变化以及WUE对干旱指数的响应研究。【结果】①SPEI-1波动大，反映短期干旱不稳定性；SPEI-3波动趋势与SPEI-1接近但更为平缓；SPEI-12能突出总体干旱趋势，在研究区呈下降趋势；SMAI波动大且呈上升趋势；②WUE总体均值分布为灌区中部较高、灌区边缘较低，宁夏灌区GPP和ET均值高于内蒙古灌区，但GPP增长速率高于ET，WUE均值也更高；③年尺度上，SPEI与WUE显著负相关，SMAI与WUE显著正相关，说明气象干旱会促进水分利用效率上升，而土壤干旱则会抑制水分利用效率增加。月尺度上，SPEI与WUE相关性复杂，5月二者显著正相关，7、9月二者显著负相关，SMAI与WUE显著正相关；④WUE对SPEI-1的响应滞后时间集中在7个月，且二者相关性较高；WUE对SMAI的响应滞后时间集中在5~7个月，且二者相关性较低。然而，在内蒙古灌区部分区域，WUE对SPEI-1的响应滞后时间可以延长至12个月，并且二者表现为负相关。说明气象干旱对研究区WUE影响更大，土壤干旱对研究区影响较小。【结论】综上可知，气象干旱是主导宁蒙灌区WUE变化的核心因子，其通过强滞后效应（7个月）显著促进WUE提升；土壤干旱影响较弱且响应复杂。 |
| 关键词: 宁蒙灌区；水分利用效率；干旱指数；时滞效应 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025184 |
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| Spatiotemporal dynamics of meteorological and soil droughts and their effects on water use efficiency in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Irrigation District |
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QIAN Jialin, FENG Xiong, BU Lingxin, ZHANG Shutong, FENG Kepeng
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1. Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 2. Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources in Modern Agriculture in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021, China; 3. Ningxia Engineering Technology Research Center for Water-saving Irrigation and Water Resources Regulation, Yinchuan 750021, China; 4. Field Scientific Observation and
Research Station of Hydrology and Smart Water Conservancy in Arid Irrigation Areas, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The Ning-Mong Irrigation District, spanning Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions, is a large irrigation district in Northern China, where drought is the primary constraint to agricultural production. This analyzes the spatiotemporal dynamics of meteorological and soil drought, as well as their effects on water use efficiency (WUE) in this region. 【Method】Long-term experimental data measured from 1989 to 2018 were integrated, which include in-situ data and global land surface satellite (GLASS) data, standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index-grid data and global land evaporation Amsterdam Model v3.5. Soil moisture anomaly index (SMAI) was used to characterize soil drought. We also analyzed the spatiotemporal variation in GPP, ET, SPEI and SMAI, as well as their relationships with WUE. 【Result】① During the study period, monthly drought showed significant fluctuation, while quarterly drought fluctuated more smoothly; annual meteorological drought showed a decreasing trend. SMAI fluctuated notably but presented an increasing trend. ② Spatially, mean WUE was high in central area of the district and low at the edges. Mean GPP and ET were high in the Ningxia section than in the Inner Mongolia section; crucially, the increasing rate of GPP in Ningxia was faster than that of ET, leading to a significant increase in mean WUE in the Ningxia section. ③ Correlation analysis revealed that annual SPEI was negatively correlated with WUE, while annual SMAI was positively correlated with WUE, both at significant levels. The relationship between monthly SPEI and WUE was complicated: positively correlated in May, and negatively correlated in July and September, all at significant levels. ④ WUE showed a strong response to monthly SPEI but with a 7-month lag, and a weak response to SMAI with a lag of 5 and 7 months. In the Inner Mongolia section, the negative response of WUE to monthly SPEI could lag by over 12 months, alluding that meteorological drought had a more pronounced impact on WUE than soil drought. 【Conclusion】Meteorological drought is the dominant factor influencing WUE in the Ning-Mong Irrigation District, and its lagged effect significantly enhances WUE. Compared to meteorological drought, soil drought has a small and more complex impact on WUE. These findings can help develop drought-resistance strategies and improve water use efficiency in the district. |
| Key words: Ning-Mong Irrigation District; water use efficiency; drought index; lag effect |
