| 引用本文: | 董 环,刘爱群,娄春荣,等.北方设施黄瓜灌溉施肥方式研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(3):1-11. |
| DONG Huan,LIU Aiqun,LOU Chunrong,et al.北方设施黄瓜灌溉施肥方式研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(3):1-11. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】优化北方设施黄瓜灌溉施肥方式，为地区设施黄瓜产业高效优质发展提供科学依据。【方法】以65%田间持水率为灌溉下限，设置3个单次灌溉量水平，分别为80 m3/hm2（W1）、160 m3/hm2（W2）、240 m3/hm2（W3），设置3个水肥倍率水平，分别为2 000（F1）、1 500（F2）、1 000（F3），共9个处理，比较灌溉施肥方式对黄瓜产量、灌溉水利用率、肥料偏生产力、品质风味的影响。【结果】根据二元二次模型分析可知，灌溉量为3 219.86 m3/hm2、施肥量为2 470.48 kg/hm2时黄瓜产量最高，为340.59 t/hm2；相同单次灌溉量条件下，随着水肥倍率降低，多数处理的施肥总量和灌溉水利用率显著增加，肥料偏生产力显著降低，W1处理下，W1F3处理比W1F1处理施肥总量和灌溉水利用率分别增加93.55%、15.27%，肥料偏生产力降低42.00%；W2处理下，W2F3处理比W2F1处理施肥总量和灌溉水利用率分别增加95.45%、4.47%，肥料偏生产力降低47.59%；W3处理下，W3F3处理比W3F1处理施肥总量和灌溉水利用率分别增加74.32%、7.72%，肥料偏生产力降低39.28%。不同单次灌溉量之间，通过求平均值的方式可知，单次灌溉量由80 m3/hm2提高至240 m3/hm2，黄瓜产量、施肥总量分别增加8.31%、71.84%，灌溉水利用率、肥料偏生产力分别降低33.82%、37.27%；黄瓜品质和风味分析可知，单次低量灌溉80 m3/hm2和水肥低倍率1 000组合易提高品质和风味；TOPSIS综合分析可知，单次低量灌溉80 m3/hm2和水肥低、中倍率组合时，综合评分最高。【结论】单次高灌溉量，水肥低倍率时可获得最高产量，单次低灌溉量和水肥中低倍率组合时，可获得较高综合效益。实际应用中可根据生产倾向，选定配施方式。 |
| 关键词: 黄瓜；灌溉施肥；配施方式；模型；综合分析 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025209 |
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| Optimization of irrigation and fertilization strategies for greenhouse cucumber production in Northern China |
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DONG Huan, LIU Aiqun, LOU Chunrong, WANG Xiujuan
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Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, a. Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment,
b. Vegetable Institute, Shenyang 110000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Efficient irrigation and fertilization management are critical for improving yield and resource use efficiency in greenhouse vegetable production. However, optimal irrigation and fertilization strategies for greenhouse cucumber production in Northern China remain elusive. This paper aims to address this technological gap.【Method】Irrigation and fertilization were based on soil water dynamics such that whenever soil water content decreased to 65% of the field capacity, the soil water was topped up by irrigating 80 m3/hm2 (W1), 160 m3/hm2 (W2) or 240 m3/hm2 (W3) of water. For each irrigation treatment, there were three fertilization levels, with the mass of fertilizer applied during each irrigation event being 1/2 000 (F1), 1/1 500 (F2) and 1/1 000 of the mass of irrigated water. In each treatment, we measured water use efficiency (WUE), partial factor productivity of fertilizer (PFP), cucumber yield, quality and flavor.【Result】W3F3 produced the highest yield, reaching 340.59 t/hm2. When irrigation was the same, decreasing the fertilizer -water ratio generally increased total fertilizer application and WUE, but reduced PFP. Increasing the fertilizer-water ratio from 1/2 000 to 1/1 000 increased fertilizer application and WUE by 93.55% and 15.27% for W1, 95.45% and 4.47% for W2, and 74.32% and 7.72% for W3, respectively, while reducing PFP by 42.00% for W1, 47.59% for W2, and 39.28% for W3. Averaging over all fertilization treatments, increasing irrigation from W1 to W3 increased fertilizer application and cucumber yield by 8.31% and 71.84%, respectively, and reduced WUE and PFP by 33.82% and 37.27%, respectively. Membership function and ranking analysis showed that W1F3 improved cucumber quality and flavor the most. Entropy-power-TOPSIS analysis showed that W1F2 achieved the highest comprehensive score.【Conclusion】Irrigating 240 m3/hm2 of water whenever soil water content decreased to 65% of the field capacity with the mass of fertilizer applied in each irrigation event being 1/2 000 of the irrigated water gave the highest cucumber yield. In contrast, irrigating 80 m3/hm2 of water when soil water content dropped to 65% of the field capacity with the mass of the fertilizer applied in each irrigation event being 1/1 000 or 1/1 500 of the irrigated water was most economical. These results provide practical fertigation guidance for greenhouse cucumber production in Northern China. |
| Key words: cucumber; irrigation and fertilization; application methods; model; comprehensive analysis |
