| 引用本文: | 郭丽丽,高 超,李 迪,等.有机肥替代氮肥比例对豫北玉米-土壤-微生物
系统碳氮磷的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(3):27-34. |
| GUO Lili,GAO Chao,LI Di,et al.有机肥替代氮肥比例对豫北玉米-土壤-微生物
系统碳氮磷的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(3):27-34. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究有机肥替代化肥对豫北潮土夏玉米土壤养分、微生物生物量碳氮磷及酶活性的影响，明确有机肥无机肥配施对作物-土壤系统碳氮磷协同调控的机制。【方法】通过田间试验，设置6个施肥处理：不施肥（CK）、无机化肥（CF）、20%（C20）、30%（C30）、50%（C50）和100%（C100）有机肥替代氮肥比例，分析玉米生物量、土壤养分、微生物量碳量、微生物量氮量、微生物量磷量及蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶活性的变化。【结果】与CK相比，C30处理和C50处理显著提高玉米生物量和植株C积累、N、P吸收；有机肥处理显著提升土壤有机碳（8%~29%）和有效磷量，且C30处理显著增强蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性，微生物量碳量、微生物量氮量也显著提高。相关性分析表明，玉米生物量与C积累、N吸收、酶活性及微生物量呈显著正相关，与土壤pH值负相关。【结论】30%替代比例在促进作物养分吸收和蔗糖酶活性方面效果显著，而50%替代在提升土壤有效磷及相关微生物活性方面优势更突出，说明30%~50%的有机肥替代比例是实现作物增产、土壤培肥和微生物活性提升的适宜范围。 |
| 关键词: 玉米；化肥减量；土壤肥力；微生物生物量；酶活性 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025287 |
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| Influence of organic and chemical nitrogen fertilizer ratios on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in maize-soil-microbial system |
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GUO Lili, GAO Chao, LI Di, TIAN Meng, ZHANG Shike, YANG Jianbo, FAN Peng, HU Chanjuan, WANG Guobing
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Institute of Geographical Sciences, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Excessive application of chemical fertilizers in intensive agriculture has led to soil degradation and declines in microbial functions. Substituting chemical fertilizers partially with organic fertilizers is a potential technique to mitigate such trends. This paper evaluates the effects of different chemical-organic fertilizer substitution ratios on soil nutrients, enzymatic activities, and nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus dynamics in the plant-soil-microbe system.【Method】A field experiment was conducted in the fluvo-aquic soils of northern Henan. There were five treatments, with chemical and organic fertilizers (measured in nitrogen) application ratios being 0 (CF), 20% (C20), 30% (C30), 50% (C50) and 100% (C100), respectively. No fertilization was taken as the control (CK). In the experiment, we measured the biomass of the maize, soil nutrient contents, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as activities of sucrase, urease and phosphatase.【Result】Compared with CK, C30 and C50 significantly increased maize biomass and carbon accumulation, as well as plant nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. Organic fertilizer applications increased soil organic carbon by 8%-29%; it also increased bioavailable phosphorus. Specifically, C30 significantly improved the activity of sucrase, urease and phosphatase, and increased microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. Correlation analysis indicated that maize biomass was positively correlated with nitrogen uptake, enzymatic activities and microbial biomass at significant levels, while negatively correlated with soil pH.【Conclusion】A chemical-organic fertilizer application ratio of 30% (measured in nitrogen) was most effective in improving crop nutrient uptake and sucrase activity, while increasing the ratio to 50% was more effective in enhancing bioavailable phosphorus and associated microbial activity. Therefore, a chemical-organic fertilizer ratio of 30%-50% is recommended for increasing maize productivity, improving soil fertility, and promoting soil microbial activity. |
| Key words: maize; reduced fertilizer use; soil fertility; microbial biomass; enzyme activity |
