| 引用本文: | 李恒凯,王海超,裴志永,等.水肥耦合对鸡心果产量和品质的影响及评价[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(5):1-9. |
| LI Hengkai,WANG Haichao,PEI Zhiyong,et al.水肥耦合对鸡心果产量和品质的影响及评价[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(5):1-9. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】筛选蒙东寒地滴灌矮化鸡心果适宜的水肥管理方案。【方法】采用6 a生矮化鸡心果树（基砧为山丁子，GM256为中间砧木，引种栽培3 a）为试材，采用3×3完全随机区组设计，试验共设置3个施肥水平和3个灌水水平。其中，施肥处理采用大量元素水溶肥（A）与有机水溶肥（B）配施，分别为：A 180 kg/hm2与B 720 kg/hm2（F1）、A 270 kg/hm2与B 1 080 kg/hm2（F2）和A 360 kg/hm2与B 1 440 kg/hm2（F3）；灌水处理设为田间持水率的40%（S1）、60%（S2）和80%（S3），共9个处理和1个对照（CK），系统测定各处理鸡心果的生理、生长、产量和果实品质指标，并采用主成分分析法（PCA）进行综合评价。【结果】不同水肥组合对鸡心果各项指标影响显著，其中S2F3处理（60%田间持水率+高施肥水平）表现最优，叶面积指数、净光合速率、单果质量和产量分别达到1.86、17.72 μmol/（m2·s）、42.49 g和2 335.5 kg/hm2，较CK分别提高了40.90%、47.79%、17.64%和113.58%。主成分分析综合评价显示，S2F3处理得分最高，为2.437，显著优于其他处理。【结论】60%田间持水率，配施360 kg/hm2大量元素水溶肥与1 440 kg/hm2有机水溶肥是本试验条件下鸡心果的较优水肥调控策略。 |
| 关键词: 鸡心果；水肥耦合；综合评价；光合特性；产量；果实品质 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025261 |
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| Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on fruit yield and quality of Malus ‘Jinxiu’ in cold regions |
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LI Hengkai, WANG Haichao, PEI Zhiyong, ZHANG Junyao, WANG Xinping, CHEN Congyu,
CAI Yun, ZHANG Yan, GU Yiming, LI Weiyi, BAO Chunming
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1. College of Energy and Transportation Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
2. Xing’an League Forestry Science Research Institute, Ulanhot 137400, China;
3. China Xing’an League Wulanhe Local Nature Reserve Administration, Ulanhot 137726, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Low temperatures and water limitations in the cold region of Eastern Inner Mongolia constrain the growth and yield of Malus ‘Jinxiu’. Improving water and fertilizer management is critical for maintaining yield and fruit quality. The objective of this paper is to experimentally identify the optimal water-fertilizer management strategy for dwarf Malus ‘Jinxiu’ under drip irrigation in this region.【Method】Six-year-old dwarf Malus ‘Jinxiu’ trees, grafted onto Malus baccata rootstock with GM256 interstock and cultivated for three years, were used in the experiment. A 3×3 completely randomized block design was employed. Fertilization treatments included application of a macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (A) and an organic water-soluble fertilizer (B) at the following combinations: 180 kg/hm2 of A + 720 kg/hm2 of B(F1), 270 kg/hm2 of A + 1 080 kg/hm2 of B(F2), and 360 kg/hm2 of A + 1 440 kg/hm2 of B(F3). The irrigation treatments included maintaining the soil moisture above 40%(S1), 60%(S2), and 80%(S3) of field capacity; the control (CK) was under natural conditions. During the experiment, physiological traits, growth, yield, and fruit quality indices were measured; the effects of irrigation and fertilization were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA).【Result】Water-fertilization combinations significantly affected all measured plant indices. Among all treatments, the S2F3 combination performed best, with leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate, single fruit weight, and yield reaching 1.86, 17.72 μmol/(m2·s), 42.49 g, and 2 335.5 kg/hm2, respectively, representing increases of 40.90%, 47.79%, 17.64% and 113.58%, compared with CK. PCA showed the S2F3 combination had the highest comprehensive score of 2.437.【Conclusion】Our results indicate that applying 360 kg/hm2 of macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer and 1 440 kg/hm2 of organic water-soluble fertilizer with soil moisture maintained above 60% of field capacity is the optimal irrigation-fertilization strategy for dwarf Malus ‘Jinxiu’ production in cold regions of Eastern Inner Mongolia. |
| Key words: Malus‘Jinxiu’; water-fertilizer coupling; comprehensive evaluation; photosynthetic characteristics; yield; fruit quality |
