| 引用本文: | 宋承昊,高晓瑜,徐 冰,等.秸秆覆盖对雨养玉米-大豆间作水、热、氮与产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(5):19-28. |
| SONG Chenghao,GAO Xiaoyu,XU Bing,et al.秸秆覆盖对雨养玉米-大豆间作水、热、氮与产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(5):19-28. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确蒙东雨养区玉米-大豆间作系统中秸秆覆盖的适宜用量，探究土壤水热动态、作物产量对不同秸秆覆盖量的响应。【方法】基于田间定位试验，设置4种秸秆覆盖处理，分析不同处理对土壤蒸发量、含水率、温度、含氮量及玉米和大豆产量的影响。【结果】将10 000 kg/hm2秸秆切分成20 cm小段，并于出苗15 d后覆盖大豆-玉米间作表层土壤的处理综合效果最优，该处理下的全生育期土壤日蒸发量平均降低30%，0~100 cm土层平均土壤含水率提高12%，对土壤温度具有前期保温（苗期—拔节期）、后期降温（灌浆—成熟期）的双重调节作用，有效缓解了前期低温和后期高温胁迫，显著提升了土壤碱解氮量，玉米、大豆产量分别提高7.3%、6.5%，雨水利用效率提高6.99%。【结论】蒙东雨养区玉米-大豆间作系统中，最优秸秆覆盖量为10 000 kg/hm2，可为雨养条件下间作模式减蒸保水技术参数的优化提供科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 雨养区；黑土地；秸秆覆盖；土壤水热 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025350 |
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| Optimizing straw mulching to improve soil water, temperature, nitrogen availability and crop yield in rain-fed maize-soybean intercropping system |
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SONG Chenghao, GAO Xiaoyu, XU Bing, TIAN Delong,
WANG Guoshuai, LI Zhishuang, BIAN Danciwang
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1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
2. Institute of Pastoral Water Conservancy, Ministry of Water Resources, Hohhot 010020, China;
3. Shigatse Water Conservancy Bureau, Shigatse 857000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Straw mulching is widely recognized as an effective practice for conserving soil water and regulating temperature, but its optimal practical application remains unclear. This paper aimed to determine the optimal straw mulching strategy for maize-soybean intercropping system in the rain-fed region of eastern Inner Mongolia.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a field with four straw mulching treatments. During the experiment, we measured soil evaporation, soil water content and temperature, bioavailable nitrogen, as well as the yields of maize and soybean in each treatment. 【Result】The optimal straw mulching treatment was the application of 10 000 kg/hm2 of straw cut into 10-20 cm segments 15 days after seedling emergence. During the entire growth period of the two crops, this treatment reduced average daily soil evaporation by 30% and increased the average soil water content in the 0-100 cm soil layer by 12%. It provided a dual regulatory effect on soil temperature, maintaining higher temperatures during the early seedling–jointing stage and reducing temperatures during the later filling–maturity stage. This effectively alleviated early-stage frost stress and late-stage heat stress. In addition, it significantly increased soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, enhanced rainwater use efficiency by 6.99%, and increased maize and soybean yields by 7.3% and 6.5%, respectively, compared with the control without straw mulching. 【Conclusion】For maize-soybean intercropping systems in the rain-fed region of eastern Inner Mongolia, the optimal straw mulching practice is apply 10 000 kg/hm2 of straw cut into 10-20 cm segments 15 days after seedling emergence. These results provide a scientific basis for optimizing evaporation reduction and water conservation in rain-fed cropping systems in the study region. |
| Key words: rain-fed area; black soil; straw mulching; soil moisture and temperature |
