| 引用本文: | 冯苗苗,刘杰云,郭金秀,等.滴灌条件下生物炭对土壤硝化微生物的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(5):50-56. |
| FENG Miaomiao,LIU Jieyun,GUO Jinxiu,et al.滴灌条件下生物炭对土壤硝化微生物的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(5):50-56. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究滴灌条件下施用生物炭对土壤硝化微生物的影响。【方法】利用定量PCR（qPCR）方法，在华北地区开展田间小区试验，探究土壤硝化微生物群落结构及功能对不同灌溉方式（地表滴灌与畦灌）及不同生物炭添加量（0、10、20 t/hm2，分别记为CK、LB、HB处理）的响应。【结果】与畦灌处理相比，滴灌处理显著提高了土壤氨氧化古菌（AOA）的基因丰度，使土壤NH4+-N量降低，NO3--N量增加，说明滴灌优化了土壤水氧环境，有利于提高土壤硝化微生物的活性与繁殖能力。在滴灌条件下，添加生物炭对氨氧化细菌（AOB）基因丰度、土壤NH4+-N量表现出抑制作用，这与生物炭吸附底物、改变微生物生存环境有关。在2种灌溉方式中，滴灌配合生物炭高施用量（20 t/hm2，HB）增加了土壤NO3--N量，促进了硝化作用。二者的协同作用提高AOA的基因丰度，但减少了AOB的基因丰度，说明AOA在硝化过程中起主导作用。【结论】滴灌条件下添加20 t/hm2生物炭可增加AOA丰度并促进硝化作用，在实际生产中应注意适时调节施肥与灌溉策略，以防硝化失衡。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌；生物炭；硝化过程；微生物 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025231 |
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| Effects of biochar on soil nitrifying microorganisms under drip irrigation |
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FENG Miaomiao, LIU Jieyun, GUO Jinxiu, BIAN Yaqi, SUN Ruihan, QIU Husen
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1. School of Environment and Surveying Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234100, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Water-saving Irrigation Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Biochar application has been reported to be capable of modifying soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities, yet its effects on nitrifying microorganisms under different irrigation conditions remain elusive. This paper investigates the combined influence of biochar addition and different irrigation methods on soil nitrifying microorganisms.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a field in northern China. It consisted of three biochar application treatments: 0 (CK), 10 (LB) and 20 t/hm2 (HB), and two irrigation methods: drip irrigation (D) and conventional furrow irrigation (F). Nitrifying microorganisms in each treatment were measured using quantitative PCR (qPCR). We also measured NH4+ -N and NO3--N contents, as well as gene abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the soils.【Result】Compared with furrow irrigation, drip irrigation significantly increased AOA gene abundance and soil NO3--N content, while reducing soil NH4+-N content, indicating that optimized water and oxygen conditions under drip irrigation enhanced the activity and proliferation of nitrifying microorganisms. Under drip irrigation, biochar addition reduced AOB gene abundance and soil NH4+-N content, likely due to substrate adsorption and modification of microbial habitat. Applying 20 t/hm2 of biochar combined with drip irrigation increased NO3--N content and promoted overall nitrification, while increasing AOA abundance and reducing AOB abundance. This suggests that AOA plays the dominant role in nitrification.【Conclusion】Applying 20 t/hm2 of biochar combined with drip irrigation promotes soil nitrification primarily through enhancing the AOA population. In practice, irrigation and fertilization strategies can be adjusted to maintain nitrogen balance and optimize crop productivity. |
| Key words: drip irrigation; biochar; nitrification process; microorganism |
