| 引用本文: | 陈思远,程志远,周 婷,等.耦合种植结构的大型灌区水土资源优化配置研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(6):120-129. |
| CHEN Siyuan,CHENG Zhiyuan,ZHOU Ting,et al.耦合种植结构的大型灌区水土资源优化配置研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(6):120-129. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】针对当前灌区农业需水与天然来水时空错配问题，构建耦合种植结构优化的灌区水土资源优化配置模型。【方法】以灌溉期总缺水量最小化为目标，以不同农作物种植面积及水库群调度策略为决策变量，实现供需双侧协同调控的水土资源优化配置。以淠史杭灌区为研究对象，对其主要水源大别山区6个水库与灌区水稻种植结构开展优化配置研究。【结果】在80%设计保证率下，优化方案可使灌区年总缺水量较传统配置方案减少0.94亿m3，水稻种植面积增加2.01万hm2；在2000—2001年连续枯水年情景下，模型通过种植结构调整与跨年水库调度相结合，充分发挥多年调节库容的供水潜力，有效保障了关键生育期灌溉用水，实现水稻种植面积由2000年的7.40万hm2恢复至2001年的22.66万hm2，显著增强了系统抗旱韧性与水资源可持续保障能力。在节水灌溉情景下，灌溉定额降低9%~10%可转化为水稻种植面积增加9.7%~10.8%，系统总缺水量未进一步增加。【结论】模型实现了水资源时空分配与作物种植结构的水土资源双重协同优化，可为大型灌区落实“四水四定”原则、推进农业水土资源集约高效利用提供参考和借鉴。 |
| 关键词: 水土资源优化配置；种植结构；水库调度；四水四定；淠史杭灌区 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025392 |
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| Integrated optimization of water-land resource allocation and cropping structure in large irrigation districts |
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CHEN Siyuan, CHENG Zhiyuan, ZHOU Ting, WANG Dongxia,
ZHU Feilin, ZHANG Qibing, JIAO Pingjin
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1. College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China;
2. School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
3. Anhui Survey and Design Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088, China;
4. Administration of Pishihang Irrigation District of Anhui Province, Lu’an 237005, China;
5. Anhui and Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research (Huaihe River Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources),
Hefei 233088, China; 6. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Irrigation districts are essential for food security, and efficient allocation of water and land resources is fundamental to their sustainable production. A major challenge in many irrigation districts is the mismatch between agricultural water demand and natural water availability. This paper developed an optimization model by coupling water-land resource allocation with cropping structure adjustment to alleviate this mismatch.【Method】The proposed model minimizes total irrigation water shortage during the irrigation period by treating crop planting areas and grouped reservoir operation as the decision variables to coordinate regulation of both water supply and demand. The model was applied to the Pishihang Irrigation District in China to optimize water allocation from six reservoirs by adjusting rice cropping structure.【Result】Under the 80% design reliability scenario, the optimized scheme reduced the annual total water shortage by 94 million m3 compared with the conventional allocation scheme, while increasing the rice planting area by 20.1 thousand hectares. Under the consecutive dry-year scenario (2000–2001), the adjusted cropping structure, combined with inter-annual reservoir operation and full utilization of multi-year storage capacity, ensured water supply during critical crop growth stages. This increased the rice planting area from 74.0 thousand hectares in 2000 to 226.6 thousand hectares in 2001, significantly enhancing drought resilience and water supply reliability. Under a water-saving irrigation scenario, a 9%-10% reduction in irrigation quota resulted in a 9.7%-10.8% increase in rice planting area without increasing total water shortage.【Conclusion】The proposed model coordinated the optimization of spatiotemporal water resource allocation and cropping structure; it provides a quantitative decision-support tool for implementing the ‘Four Water Determinations’ principle and promotes the sustainable and efficient use of water and land resources in irrigation districts. |
| Key words: water and land resources optimization; cropping structure; reservoir operation; four water determinations; Pishihang irrigation district |
