| 引用本文: | 贾建英,方 锋,王鹤龄,等.河西走廊春玉米需水量和灌溉需水量时空变化研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(7):10-18. |
| Jia Jianying,Fang Feng,Wang Heling,et al.河西走廊春玉米需水量和灌溉需水量时空变化研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(7):10-18. |
|
| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究气候变化背景下河西走廊春玉米灌溉需水分布规律。【方法】基于河西走廊17个气象站1971—2024年逐日气象数据和3个农业气象观测站1991—2024年春玉米生育期观测资料，研究春玉米有效降水量（Pe）、需水量（ET）和灌溉需水量（Ir）的时空分布规律。【结果】①1971—2024年，河西走廊春玉米生育期有效降水量（Pe）变化趋势不明显，平均值为111.6 mm，呈自西北向东南增加趋势；②春玉米生育期需水量（ET）平均值为682.7 mm，呈自西北向东南递减的趋势，1971—1992年呈不断下降趋势，主要与平均风速显著减小相关（P＜0.01），1993—2024年呈逐渐增加的趋势，与气温升高、平均风速增大显著正相关（P＜0.01）；③1971—2024年春玉米灌溉需水量（Ir）平均值为570.0 mm，呈先减少后逐渐增加的趋势，呈自西北向东南递减的趋势，Ir与平均气温、最高气温、平均风速显著正相关（P＜0.01），与有效降水量显著负相关（P＜0.01）；④春玉米生育期的灌溉需水指数（IDI）均值为0.83，空间分布与灌溉需水量分布相似，西部灌溉需水量高于中部和东部。【结论】在西北暖湿化背景下，河西走廊春玉米需水量演变趋势与平均风速、气温变化显著相关，灌溉需水量与气温、平均风速、日照时间正相关，与有效降水量显著负相关，气候变暖导致春玉米灌溉需水量增加，使得水资源供需矛盾更加突出。 |
| 关键词: 气候变化；春玉米；河西走廊；有效降水量；需水量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025341 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Spatiotemporal variations in water requirement and irrigation water requirement of spring maize in Hexi Corridor |
|
Jia Jianying, Fang Feng, Wang Heling, Zhao Hong, Zhou Zhongwen, Wang Ying,
Yin Xuelian, Wang Fan, Huang Pengcheng, Ma Yulong, Zhang Yaxin
|
|
1. Lanzhou Regional Climate Center, Lanzhou 730020, China; 2. Institute of Arid Meteorology China Meteorological Administration, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reducing of China Meteorological Administration,
Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reducing of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020, China;
3. Qingyang Meteorological Bureau, Qingyang 745000, China; 4. Zhangye Meteorological Bureau, Zhangye 734000, China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The Hexi Corridor is an arid agricultural region in Northwest China, with spring maize being the dominant crop and the largest water consumer. Affected by ongoing climate warming, meteorological conditions in the region have changed substantially over recent decades, exerting feedback effects on crop water consumption and influencing sustainable agricultural development. This paper analyses the spatiotemporal variations in water requirement and irrigation water requirement of spring maize under the influence of climate warming in this region.【Method】The analysis was based on daily meteorological data collected from 1971 to 2024 from 17 meteorological stations across the region, and spring maize growth traits observed from 1991 to 2024 from three field agrometeorological stations. The single crop coefficient method and ArcGIS spatial analysis technology were used to analyse the spatiotemporal variations in effective precipitation (Pe), crop water requirement (ET), and irrigation water requirement (Ir) of the crop.【Result】①Temporally, there was no significant variation in Pe during the spring maize growing season, with a regional average of 111.6 mm. Spatially, Pe increased from the northwest to the southeast. ②The regional average ET was 682.7 mm. Temporally, ET decreased from 1971 to 1992 followed by a continuous increase from 1993 to 2024. Spatially, it decreased gradually from the northwest to the southeast. ③The average Ir was 570.0 mm; it had increased at a rate of 10.4 mm per decade. Spatially, Ir decreased from the northwest to the southeast. ④The irrigation demand index of the crop was high during its entire growth period.【Conclusion】As Northwest China undergoes warming and wetting, the temporal variation in spring maize ET is significantly correlated with mean wind speed and air temperature. Ir is positively correlated with air temperature, mean wind speed, and sunshine duration, and negatively correlated with effective precipitation. Climate warming has resulted in an increase in irrigation water demand of spring maize, further aggravating the imbalance between agricultural water supply and demand in the region. |
| Key words: climate change; spring maize; Hexi Corridor; effective precipitation; water requirement |
