| 引用本文: | 赵文举,殷建祥,周长泉,等.水氮调控对压砂地基质栽培番茄生长特性的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(8):1-8. |
| Zhao Wenju,Yin Jianxiang,Zhou Changquan,et al.水氮调控对压砂地基质栽培番茄生长特性的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(8):1-8. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】提高压砂地生产效能及农业废弃物利用效率，本研究将堆肥、秸秆等农业废弃物拌制成一种具有抗旱促根功能的基质，并应用于压砂地作物栽培，研究水氮调控对压砂地基质栽培番茄株高、茎粗、干物质积累量、根系特征、产量、品质及水氮利用效率的影响。【方法】以当地常规生产中的水氮管理模式（无基质栽培）为对照组（CK），再设置9个基质水氮耦合处理，其中灌溉水平设3个梯度：W1（100% ETc，ETc为作物蒸发蒸腾量）、W2（80% ETc）、W3（60% ETc），施氮水平设3个梯度：N1（240 kg/hm2）、N2（204 kg/hm2）、N3（168 kg/hm2），建立了番茄品质、产量、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力的综合评价体系，构建了多目标优化模型，并采用遗传算法求解该模型的Pareto最优解集，从而得出最优水氮方案。【结果】①灌溉与施氮处理对番茄果实品质及产量均产生显著影响（P＜0.05），二者随灌水量与施氮量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势；②与无基质处理（CK）相比，压砂地基质处理番茄株高、茎粗、单株总干物质量、根质量、总根长、总根表面积分别增加了4.87%~13.30%、5.18%~25.70%、0.16%~37.11%、2.95%~42.74%、1.56%~31.37%、1.42%~18.39%，从而最终提高产量；③采用遗传算法多目标优化方法，得出适用于压砂地基质栽培番茄的最佳水肥方案为W2N2处理，该方案下的番茄产量、水分利用效率、氮肥偏生产力及糖酸比分别达到36 150 kg/hm2、17.89 kg/m3、117.24 kg/kg、10.22。【结论】因此，W2N2处理可推荐作为压砂地基质栽培番茄种植的适宜水氮调控方案。 |
| 关键词: 压砂地；基质栽培；水氮调控；番茄；遗传算法 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2026062 |
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| Effects of water and nitrogen regulation on growth, yield and quality of tomato in substrate-amended gravel-mulched soils |
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Zhao Wenju, Yin Jianxiang, Zhou Changquan, Wang Zhijun, Li Jiancheng, Ma Hong
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1. School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Water-saving Irrigation Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
Lanzhou 730050, China; 3. Lanzhou New District Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.,
Lanzhou 730300, China; 4. Jiuquan Vocational and Technical University, Jiuquan 735000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Gravel-mulched farmlands are characterized by poor soil structure, low nutrient retention and inefficient water and nitrogen use. To address these issues, this paper studied the efficacy of amending the soils with recycled agricultural wastes in improving crop drought resistance and promoting crop growth in such soils. 【Method】The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with the soil amended with a mixture of compost and crop straws. Nine treatments were set up by combining three irrigation levels: irrigating 100% (W1), 80% (W2), and 60% (W3) of crop evapotranspiration; and three nitrogen application levels: applying 240 kg/hm2 (N1), 204 kg/hm2 (N2) and 168 kg/hm2 (N3) of nitrogen fertilizer. The control was the conventional water and nitrogen management without soil amendment (CK) as used by local farmers. Fruit quality, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP) of the crop were measured to establish a comprehensive evaluation system. A multi-objective optimization model was established and solved using a genetic algorithm to obtain the Pareto optimal solution set.【Result】① Irrigation and nitrogen fertilization significantly affected tomato growth (P＜0.05). ② Compared with CK, soil amendment considerably increased plant height, stem diameter, individual total dry matter accumulation, root mass, total root length, and total root surface area of the tomato plants by 4.87%~13.30%、5.18%~25.70%、0.16%~37.11%、2.95%~42.74%、1.56%~31.37%、1.42%~18.39%, respectively. These improvements in turn promoted tomato yield formation. W2N2 was the optimal irrigation and nitrogen fertilization regime for tomato in gravel-mulched soils.③Under the W2N2 treatment, the tomato yield reached 36 150 kg/hm2, WUE was 17.89 kg/m3, NPFP was 117.24 kg/kg, and the fruit sugar-acid ratio was 10.22.【Conclusion】Amending the soil with a mixture of compost and crop straws, combined with irrigation at 80% of crop evapotranspiration and nitrogen fertilization at 204 kg/hm2, is optimal for improving water and fertilizer use efficiency while maintaining a balanced yield and fruit quality of greenhouse tomatoes in the study region. |
| Key words: gravel land; substrate cultivation; water and nitrogen interaction; tomato; genetic algorithm |
