| 引用本文: | 朱 洁,郭 巍,邹媛媛,等.基于三维探地雷达的灌区衬砌渠道隐蔽病害定量识别研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(10):80-89. |
| Zhu Jie,Guo Wei,Zou Yuanyuan,et al.基于三维探地雷达的灌区衬砌渠道隐蔽病害定量识别研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(10):80-89. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】在季节性冻融区，渠道衬砌裂缝是导致工程性能劣化与输水效率下降的关键因素之一，其内部损伤的复杂程度常远超表观迹象。为精准诊断工程裂缝分布与影响程度，引入高效、无损、可视化的三维雷达成像技术，在宁夏大型衬砌渠道开展病害探测试验研究。【方法】通过对典型裂缝区域进行全覆盖、高密度雷达数据采集，结合A-scan、B-scan图谱分析、钻芯取样及土工试验，对结构分层、裂缝空间形态、伴随病害进行定量解译与验证。【结果】①GPR图谱揭示了“30~40 cm混凝土衬砌+30 cm回填土”的完整结构分层，界面反射与设计吻合；②渠道衬砌结构呈“裂缝、疏松、空洞”的复合病害特征，最大裂缝深度25 cm，未贯穿衬砌层，裂缝呈树枝状延伸，且在裂缝底部及混凝土-回填土层接触面识别出局部脱空与土体不密实区；③土工试验与力学分析表明，在渠坡中部40~60 cm深度处形成压缩模量低至4.32 MPa的局部软弱层；在季节性冻融循环作用下，衬砌板内最大拉应力估算为1.85~3.22 MPa，超过C25混凝土抗拉强度标准值1.78 MPa，进而诱发裂缝开裂与扩展；④病害的图谱特征与空间分布，与宁夏渠道在季节性“冻胀-融沉”循环作用下的力学特征较为一致。【结论】验证了三维GPR技术在渠道隐蔽病害定量识别与可视化诊断中的可靠性，通过多维数据融合分析，揭示了土层压实度、冻融循环、混凝土板自重等多因素耦合下的病害成因，可为科学评估工程健康状态、实现从“被动抢险”到“主动防治”的运维模式转变提供可靠的技术支撑与决策依据。 |
| 关键词: 灌区 衬砌渠道 三维探地雷达 隐蔽病害 定量识别 雷达图谱特征 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2026027 |
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| Identification of subsurface defects in irrigation canal linings using 3D ground-penetrating radar |
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Zhu Jie, Guo Wei, Zou Yuanyuan, Lu Liguo, Li Taiyun, Shi Suqi
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Identification of subsurface defects in irrigation canal linings using 3D ground-penetrating radar
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In seasonally frozen regions, canal lining cracking is an important factor responsible for structural deterioration and reduced water-conveyance efficiency. Since subsurface damage may be more extensive than indicated by surface observations, accurate diagnosis of the distribution and extent of subsurface defects requires efficient and nondestructive imaging techniques. This paper investigated the capability of three-dimensional ground- penetrating radar (3D GPR) for detecting subsurface defects in a concrete-lined canal in Ningxia, China.【Method】Full-coverage, high-density GPR data were collected from a cracked section in the canal. In combination with A-scan and B-scan spectral analysis, core-drilling observations and geotechnical tests, the structural layering, spatial morphology of cracks and associated subsurface defects were quantitatively interpreted and validated.【Result】①GPR profiles identified the complete structural stratification, which consisted of a 30-40 cm concrete lining and a 30 cm backfill-soil layer; the interface reflections were consistent with the design specifications. ②The canal lining showed a composite defect pattern, comprising cracks, loosened zones and voids. The maximum crack depth was 25 cm. The cracks did not penetrate the entire lining layer but extended in a dendritic pattern. Local debonding and poorly compacted soil zones were identified at the bottom of the cracks and along the concrete–backfill-soil interface. ③Soil testing and mechanical analysis indicated that a localized weak layer with a compression modulus as low as 4.32 MPa occurred at a depth of 40-60 cm in the middle portion of the canal slope. Under seasonal freeze-thaw cycles, the maximum tensile stress in the lining slab ranged from 1.85 to 3.22 MPa, exceeding the specified tensile strength of C25 concrete (1.78 MPa). This provided a mechanism underlying the initiation and propagation of cracks. ④The features and spatial distribution of defects detected by GPR were consistent with the mechanical response of the canal lining under seasonal frost-heave and thaw-settlement cycles observed in the region.【Conclusion】Our findings demonstrate the potential of 3D GPR for identifying and three-dimensionally characterizing subsurface defects in concrete canal linings. Multidimensional data-fusion analysis indicated that heterogeneous soil compaction, seasonal freeze-thaw cycles and the self-weight of the concrete lining slab jointly contributed to lining cracking. |
| Key words: irrigation district lined canal 3D ground penetrating radar hidden defect quantitative identification radar spectral characteristics |
