| 引用本文: | 谢美辉,钟骁勇,金艳清,等.中国农业水价综合改革：政策演进、现实效应与优化路径[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(10):132-142. |
| Xie Meihui,Zhong Xiaoyong,Jin Yanqing,et al.中国农业水价综合改革：政策演进、现实效应与优化路径[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(10):132-142. |
|
| 摘要: |
| 【目的】系统梳理中国农业水价综合改革的政策演进、定价模式与实施效应，提出深化改革的优化路径。【方法】基于264篇中英文文献及2006—2025年国家政策文件，结合全国典型灌区试点案例，采用文献综述与比较分析方法展开系统研究。【结果】截至2025年底，中国农业水价改革全面收官，全国累计实施面积超10.86亿亩，全国灌溉水利用系数达0.583，但仍显著低于国际先进水平。多数地区实际执行水价低于理论测算价，且区域差异显著；水价节水效应呈非线性、阶段性特征，传统农艺技术响应灵敏但潜力有限，现代节水技术推广依赖资本、规模与服务支撑；农业水价可能冲击丘陵区、欠发达地区和小农户的生计、引发种植结构分化等。【结论】应构建差异化价格体系，完善奖补联动机制，强化数字化与社会化服务支撑，促进农业节水、农户增收与灌区良性运行协同共进。 |
| 关键词: 农业水价综合改革 政策演进 定价机制 现实效应 优化路径 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2026025 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Agricultural water price reform in China: Evolution, outcomes, and pathways for optimization |
|
Xie Meihui, Zhong Xiaoyong, Jin Yanqing, Xiao Zegan
|
|
1. School of Business Administration, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang 330099, China;
2. Emergency Management Research Institute, Party School of the CPC Central Committee (National Academy of Governance),
Beijing 100089, China; 3. College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Agricultural water price reform in China aims to improve irrigation water-use efficiency and balance water conservation with agricultural production and farmer livelihoods. This paper systematically reviewed the evolution of the reform, its pricing mechanisms and implementation outcomes, and identified pathways for further improvement.【Method】The review was based on 264 academic papers and policy documents published in both Chinese and English between 2006 and 2025, supplemented by representative pilot cases from irrigation districts across the country.【Result】By the end of 2025, agricultural water price reform had been implemented nationwide, covering more than 72.4 million hectares of land. Although the national average effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water had increased to 0.583, it remained below the levels reported for developed countries. Actual agricultural water prices showed substantial regional variation and remained below theoretically estimated cost-based levels in most regions. The water-saving response to agricultural water pricing followed a nonlinear and stage-dependent trajectory: traditional agronomic practices responded strongly to pricing but had limited water- saving potential, whereas the adoption of modern water-saving technologies depended on capital investment, implementation scale, and technical and service support. Furthermore, the reform resulted in increased livelihood pressure on smallholders and farmers in hilly and underdeveloped regions, potentially reshaping cropping patterns in these regions.【Conclusion】To balance water conservation, farmer income and the sustainable operation of irrigation districts, China should establish a region-dependent agricultural water-pricing system, strengthen the linkage between water-saving subsidies and incentives, and promote the application of digital technologies and socialized agricultural water-management services. These measures can help enhance the effectiveness and equity of agricultural water price reform and support the sustainable use of agricultural water resources. |
| Key words: comprehensive reform of agricultural water pricing policy evolution pricing mechanism implementation effects optimization pathways |
