| 引用本文: | 刘方平.基于高强度农田排水的人工快速渗滤系统结构及运行管理优化研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| LIU Fang-ping.基于高强度农田排水的人工快速渗滤系统结构及运行管理优化研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 基于高强度农田排水的人工快速渗滤系统结构及运行管理优化研究 |
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刘方平
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江西省灌溉试验中心站 江西省高效节水与面源污染防治重点实验室
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】通过研究不同填料组合人工快速渗滤系统(CRI)对高排水强度、低污染浓度的农田排水的净化效果,优选出适宜的填料组合及运行条件,为实际工程提供理论支持。【方法】试验设置5个污染负荷水平(即不同氮磷浓度和泥沙含量),3个水力负荷水平；在每个污染负荷水平下,通过控制渗滤柱进出水量来控制不同水力负荷；并采用高通量测序分子生物学技术手段,考察系统中微生物群落结构与功能的关系,进而分析系统中不同填料组合下生物脱氮除磷效能与机制。【结果】①不同填料组合对TN、TP、AN、泥沙的净化率均呈现极显著差异；其中,不同填料填装高度对各污染物的净化效果总体表现为80cm>60cm>40cm；相同填料组合比例下,对TN、AN的净化效果表现为分层填装方式优于混合填装方式；相同填料下,各污染物去除效果粗沙、活性炭、黏土陶粒填料组合比例3:2:2总体优于8:3:3；各填料组合对各污染物净化效果以S3综合净化效果较好,对TN、TP、AN、泥沙的净化率分别达到53.26%、82.51%、68.18%和78.43%。②不同污染负荷条件下,渗滤柱对TN、TP、AN、泥沙等各污染物的净化效果影响不一致,其中,TN净化效果W1最好,与其它污染负荷水平差异极显著,其次为W2,净化率分别达56.70%和42.78%；TP、AN、泥沙净化效果均表现为W2污染负荷水平最好,净化率分别达到69.07%、48.46%和81.61%,但TP净化效果各污染负荷水平间无明显差异。③随着水力负荷增大,渗滤柱对TN、TP、AN和泥沙去除率逐渐下降；其中,AN和泥沙净化效果T1与其它水力负荷水平呈极显著差异；在T1水力负荷水平下,渗滤柱对TN、TP、AN、泥沙等各污染物的净化效果均最好,净化率分别达到48.80%、78.51%、54.88%和79.77%。④渗滤柱不同位置菌群物种数总体表现为下部更多,而菌群多样性总体表现为上部更高；相似填料组合其微生物群落结构具有较高的相似性；渗滤柱中以Proteobacteria(变形菌门)丰度最高,其次是Actinobacteria(放线菌门)、Firmicutes(厚壁菌门),对氮的去除起到了关键作用。【结论】针对高强度农田排水的人工快速渗滤系统适宜填料填装高度为80cm,采用分层填装方式,粗沙、活性炭、黏土陶粒填料比例以3:2:2为宜；适宜污染负荷TN为2mg/L,AN为4mg/L,泥沙为0.1~0.3g/L,TP可以适当放宽范围；适宜水力负荷为28L/m2·min。 |
| 关键词: 农田排水;人工快速渗滤系统;填料组合;运行管理;净化机制 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:Ｘ592 |
| 基金项目:江西省水利科技重点项目(202224ZDKT25) |
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| Optimization Study of Structure and Operation Management of Artificial Rapid Percolation System Based on High Intensity Farmland Drainage |
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LIU Fang-ping
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Jiangxi Central Station of Irrigation Experiment
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】By studying the purification effect of artificial rapid infiltration systems (CRI) with different filler combinations on farmland drainage with high drainage intensity and low pollution concentration, suitable filler combinations and operating conditions were selected to provide theoretical support for practical engineering.【Method】Five pollution load level (i.e. different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and sediment content) and three hydraulic load levels were set up in the experiment. At each pollution load level, different hydraulic loads were controlled by controlling the inlet and outlet water volume of the infiltration column; And high-throughput sequencing molecular biology techniques were used to investigate the relationship between microbial community structure and function in the system, and then analyze the efficiency and mechanism of biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal under different packing combinations in the system. 【Result】①There were significant differences in the purification rates of TN, TP, AN, and sediment among different filler combinations; the overall purification effect of different filling heights on various pollutants is the best at 80cm, followed by 60cm, and the worst at 40cm;Under the same filler combination ratio, the purification effect of TN and AN showded that the layered filling method is superior to the mixed filling method; Under the same filler, the removal efficiency of various pollutants was generally better than that of 8:3:3 when the combination ratio of coarse sand, activated carbon, and clay ceramsite filler was 3:2:2; S3 had a better comprehensive purification effect on various pollutants by combining various fillers, with purification rates of 53.26%, 82.51%, 68.18%, and 78.43% for TN, TP, AN, respectively.②Under different pollution load conditions, the purification effects of infiltration columns on various pollutants such as TN, TP, AN, and sediment were inconsistent. Among them, the TN purification effect W1 was the best, with a significant difference from other pollution load levels, followed by W2, with purification rates of 56.70% and 42.78%, respectively; The purification effects of TP, AN, and sediment were all the best at the W2 pollution load level, with purification rates of 69.07%, 48.46%, and 81.61%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the TP purification effects among the pollution load levels.③As the hydraulic load increases, the removal efficiency of TN, TP, AN, and sediment by the infiltration column gradually decreased; Among them, the AN and sediment purification efficiency T1 showed extremely significant differences compared to other hydraulic load levels; At the T1 hydraulic load level, the filtration column had the best purification effect on various pollutants such as TN, TP, AN, and sediment, with purification rates of 48.80%, 78.51%, 54.88%, and 79.77%.④The overall number of bacterial species at different positions of the filtration column was higher in the lower part, while the overall diversity of bacterial communities was higher in the upper part; The microbial community structure of similar filler combinations had high similarity; Among the percolation columns, Proteobacteria had the highest abundance, followed by Actinobacteria and Bacillota, which played a key role in nitrogen removal.【Conclusion】The suitable filling height of the artificial rapid percolation system for high intensity farmland drainage is 80cm, and the layered filling method is adopted. The appropriate ratio of coarse sand, activated carbon, and clay ceramsite filling is 3:2:2; The suitable pollution load TN is 2mg/L, AN is 4mg/L, sediment is 0.1g/L to 0.3g/L, and TP can be appropriately relaxed; The suitable hydraulic load is 28L/m2 · min. |
| Key words: Farmland drainage; Artificial rapid percolation system; Packing combination; Operation management; Purification mechanism |
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