| 引用本文: | 陈聪,赵伟霞,赵智.微生物改良剂动态施用对盐碱地春玉米生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| chen cong,Zhao Weixia,zhao zhi.微生物改良剂动态施用对盐碱地春玉米生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 利用微生物改良盐碱地具有绿色高效特点，是实现盐碱地综合改造利用和耕地质量提升的重要措施之一。【目的】为了研究盐碱地综合治理时微生物改良剂的合理施用方法。【方法】本文于2022年研究获得了未进行盐碱地改良时影响春玉米生长的耐盐阈值，2023年在修建排水沟、施用有机肥和采用滴灌进行盐碱地综合改良的基础上，以不施用微生物改良剂的处理为对照，研究了中度盐碱地基施固态微生物改良剂、基施固态微生物改良剂和在拔节期与抽穗期追施液态微生物改良剂、基施固态微生物改良剂和根据耐盐阈值进行液态微生物改良剂动态追施的微生物改良剂施用方法对玉米生长和产量的影响。【结果】在苗期、拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期影响春玉米生长的耐盐阈值分别为1.77、2.28、5.07、5.27 g·kg-1；与未进行盐碱地改良的2022年玉米相比，进行改良后的各处理玉米出苗率和产量均显著提高，出苗率由34.4% 最大提高到70.1%，产量由 4.20 t·hm-2最大提高到8.62 t·hm-2，平均增产88.0%。在不同微生物改良剂施用方法的处理内，各处理的株高、叶面积指数、地上部分干物质量和叶片相对叶绿素含量在峰值时期分别较对照处理提高了9.9%~17.1%、38.4%~56.1%、26.7%~32.0%和9.2%~11.2%，产量较对照处理提高了30.6~36.0%，其中基施固态微生物改良剂和根据耐盐阈值进行液态微生物改良剂动态追施的处理对春玉米出苗率、生长指标和产量的提高幅度最大。【结论】在采用排水沟+有机肥+微生物改良剂进行春玉米盐碱地综合治理时，建议微生物改良剂的施用方法宜采用固态基施（300 kg·hm-2）和液态追施（150 L·hm-2）相结合，且追施时间宜根据耐盐阈值进行动态调整。 |
| 关键词: 盐碱地;微生物改良;土壤累积盐份阈值;玉米 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S156.4+4 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Effect of dynamic application of microbial modifier on growth and yield of spring maize in saline-alkali soil |
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chen cong, Zhao Weixia, zhao zhi
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State Key Laboratory of Watershed Water Cycle Simulation and Regulation,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Saline-alkali soil is characterized by excessive salt and alkali components in the soil, poor physical and chemical properties, resulting in normal crop growth. Rational utilization, improvement and development of saline-alkali land resources production potential is of great significance to ensure national food security. The improvement of saline-alkali land by microorganism has the characteristics of green and high efficiency, which is one of the important measures to realize the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land and improve the quality of cultivated land. 【Objective】 In order to study the rational application of microbial amendments in the comprehensive treatment of saline-alkali land.【Method】In this paper, the salt tolerance threshold affecting spring maize growth without saline-alkali land improvement was obtained in 2022. In 2023, based on the comprehensive improvement of saline-alkali land by building drainage ditches, applying organic fertilizer and adopting drip irrigation, the treatment without applying microbial amendments was taken as the control. The effects of medium saline foundation application of solid microbial modifier, base application of solid microbial modifier, liquid microbial modifier at jointing stage and heading stage, base application of solid microbial modifier and dynamic application of liquid microbial modifier according to salt tolerance threshold on maize growth and yield were studied.【Result】The salt tolerance thresholds at seedling stage, jointing stage, heading stage and filling stage were 1.77, 2.28, 5.07 and 5.27 g·kg-1, respectively. Compared with the 2022 maize without saline soil improvement, the maize emergence rate and yield of each treatment after improvement were significantly increased, the seedling emergence rate was increased from 34.4% to 70.1%, and the yield was increased from 4.20 t·hm-2 to 8.62 t·hm-2, with an average increase of 88.0%. Compared with the control treatment, the plant height, leaf area index, above-ground dry matter mass and relative chlorophyll content of leaves were increased by 9.9%~17.1%, 38.4%~56.1%, 26.7%~32.0% and 9.2%~11.2%, respectively. The yield of spring maize was increased by 30.6~36.0% compared with the control treatment, and the emergence rate, growth index and yield of spring maize were increased by the basic application of solid microbial modifier and the dynamic application of liquid microbial modifier according to the salt tolerance threshold.【Conclusion】When adopting drainage ditch + organic fertilizer + microbial modifier for comprehensive treatment of spring corn saline-alkali soil, it is suggested that the application method of microbial modifier should be combined with solid base application (300 kg·hm-2) and liquid application (150 L·hm-2), and the application time should be dynamically adjusted according to the salt tolerance threshold. |
| Key words: Saline land; Microbial improvement; Threshold of soil salt accumulation; Corn |
