| 引用本文: | 侯志强,蒋尚明,金菊良,等.不同生育期干旱胁迫对夏大豆耗水量和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(5):19-24. |
| HOU Zhiqiang,JIANG Shangming,JIN Juliang,et al.不同生育期干旱胁迫对夏大豆耗水量和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(5):19-24. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】降低大豆旱灾减产风险。【方法】基于2015年和2016年夏大豆受旱盆栽试验，以生育期不同土壤水分为控制因素，在大豆苗期、分枝期、花荚期、鼓粒成熟期分别设置轻旱和重旱2个水平，以全生育期不旱为对照（CK），共9个水分处理，分析了大豆不同生育期不同干旱胁迫程度下的耗水规律及其对产量和水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。【结果】干旱胁迫使得生育期耗水量减少，且干旱程度越重减少比例越大，以2015年为例，与CK相比，大豆苗期、分枝期、花荚期和鼓粒成熟期轻旱处理耗水量分别减少35.60%、34.89%、35.39%、38.35%，重旱处理则分别减少62.01%、69.19%、57.83%、83.50%；各生育期不旱和轻旱处理下日耗水强度均值表现为花荚期>鼓粒成熟期>分枝期>苗期，而重旱处理下鼓粒成熟期日耗水强度最小；各生育期干旱胁迫造成大豆产量损失均值表现为花荚期>鼓粒成熟期>分枝期>苗期；以2016年为例，4个生育期重旱处理WUE比轻旱处理分别低4.74%、13.01%、35.90%、18.46%，说明各生育期干旱程度越严重则WUE越低，不同生育期干旱对WUE的影响程度不同，苗期和分枝期影响较小，花荚期重旱处理时WUE最低。【结论】大豆不同生育期干旱胁迫对耗水量和WUE的影响较为明显，花荚期和鼓粒成熟期是大豆产量形成的关键需水期，实际生产中，应充分保证花荚期和鼓粒成熟期的水分供应，同时在保证产量的前提下，可在苗期和分枝期适度受旱。 |
| 关键词: 耗水量； 产量； 水分利用效率； 干旱胁迫； 夏大豆； 淮北平原 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0399 |
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| Impact of Water Stress Occurring at Different Growth Stages on Water Consumption and Water Use Efficiency of Summer Soybean |
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HOU Zhiqiang, JIANG Shangming, JIN Juliang, YUAN Hongwei
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School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environmental Systems Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources of Anhui Province, Water Resources Research Institute of Anhui Province and Huaihe River Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Bengbu 233000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to examine water consumption and water use efficiency of summer soybean in response to water stress occurring at different growth stages in attempts to provide guidance to ameliorate yield reduction caused by drought. 【Method】 Pot experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 by adjusting soil moisture content at different growth stages. We considered nine water treatments: slight and severe water stress occurring at flowering-podding stage, pod-filling stage, branching stage and seedling stage respectively; and the control was no water stress (CK). For each treatment, we measured and calculated the water consumption and water use efficiency (WUE). 【Result】 Water stress reduced water consumption, and the reduction increased with the stress level. Taking the experiment in 2015 as an example. Compared with the CK, a slight water stress at seedling stage, branch stage, flower-podding stage and pod-filling stage reduced water consumption by 35.60%, 34.89%, 35.39%, 38.35% respectively; while a severe water stress occurring at these stages resulted in a reduction in water consumption by 62.01%, 69.19%, 57.83% and 83.50% respectively. In all treatments, including CK, the water consumption changed with growth stage in the order flowering- podding stage>pod-filling stage>branching stage >seedling stage, and the daily water consumption at pod-filling stage was the lowest under severe drought. The average yield loss caused by drought occurring at the four stages was in the order flower-podding stage>pod-filling stage>branching stage>seedling stage. Taking the experiment in 2016 as an example; the WUE under a severe drought happening at seedling stage, branching stage, flower-podding stage and pod-filling stage reduced by 4.74%, 13.01%, 35.90%, and 18.46% respectively, compared to those under a slight drought, indicating that the WUE decreased with increasing water stress level. It was also found that the impact of drought on WUE depended on the stage during which the drought occurred, and the impact of drought at seedling and branching stages was less significant than drought occurring at flowering-podding stage. 【Conclusion】 The effect of water stress occurring at different growth stages has noticeable impact on water consumption and WUE of the summer soybean. Flower-podding and pod-filling stages are critical stages in terms of water demand, and keeping sufficient water supply at these two stages is thus essential to ensure yield. Meanwhile, imposing an appropriate water stress at seedling and branching stages do not give rise to yield reduction and can be used as water-saving technique. |
| Key words: water consumption; yield; water use efficiency; drought stress; summer soybean; Huaibei plain |
