| 引用本文: | 于 博,于晓芳,高聚林,等.秸秆全量深翻还田和施加生物炭对不同土壤持水性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(5):25-32. |
| YU Bo,YU Xiaofang,GAO Julin,et al.秸秆全量深翻还田和施加生物炭对不同土壤持水性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(5):25-32. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究秸秆深翻还田对土壤持水性的影响机理。【方法】采用连续4 a玉米秸秆全量深翻还田定位试验和土壤有机碳梯度入渗淋溶模拟试验，秸秆全量深翻还田1~4 a处理（SF1、SF2、SF3和SF4），以不深翻秸秆全量还田处理作为对照（CK）；土壤有机碳入渗淋溶模拟试验研究了2种质地土壤（砂土、壤土）的不同质量比生物炭处理条件下的土壤水力传导性，砂土中添加质量比为0、1%、3%、5%、8%、10%生物炭处理分别记作CKS、BS、CS、DS、ES、FS，壤土中添加质量比为0、1%、3%、5%、8%、10%生物炭处理分别记作CKR、BR、CR、DR、ER、FR，应用单环入渗法测定了土壤平均入渗速率和累积入渗量，应用压力膜法测定了土壤水分特征曲线。【结果】秸秆全量深翻还田后，相同的静水压力下，SF4处理持水性比CK降低21.05%，土壤平均入渗速率比CK增加82.07%，累积入渗量比CK增加225.09 cm；随深翻秸秆还田年限（随年份和深翻措施的累积增加）的增加，土壤持水性逐渐降低，土壤平均入渗速率逐渐加快，土壤的累积入渗量逐渐增多；在土壤体积质量保持不变的情况下，随生物炭量的增加，砂土的入渗速率、累积入渗量减小，持水能力升高；当生物炭添加比例从1%到8%时，壤土累积入渗量、入渗速率递增，持水能力降低，当添加生物炭量为10%时，较添加8%生物炭处理时土壤持水性略有升高，土壤持水性变化规律出现波动。秸秆全量深翻还田增加了土壤有机质量，土壤有机质的腐解增加了土壤生物炭量，同时结合室内模拟试验的结果，生物炭量的增加改善了土壤（0~40 cm）持水性和通透性。【结论】应适度采取秸秆深翻还田来改善土壤的持水性，可为春玉米的连续高产稳产提供良好的土壤水分环境。 |
| 关键词: 春玉米； 深翻； 秸秆还田； 土壤持水性； 累积入渗量； 土壤水分特征曲线 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0014 |
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| Change in Hydraulic Properties of Soils Amended with Biochar Following Plough of Straw Stalk into Deep Soil Horizon |
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YU Bo, YU Xiaofang, GAO Julin, HU Shuping, SUN Jiying, WANG Zhigang, XIE Min, ZHU Wenxin
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Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Soil hydraulic properties are affected by many biotic and abiotic processes and this paper is to investigate experimentally the changes in infiltration rate and water-holding capacity of soils amended with biochar after ploughing maize stalk into deep soil horizons. 【Method】We measured water infiltration in the soils in a corn field for four years after stalk of the maize was ploughed into subsoil via a deep tillage after the harvest; the control was no straw. We also examined the impact of biochar amendment on a loam soil and a sandy soil with biochar-soil ratio at 0, 1%, 3%, 5%, 8%, 10%. The average water infiltration rate and accumulated infiltration in the soils were measured using single-ring infiltration method, and water retention curves of the soils were measured using pressure-membrane method. 【Result】 ①Compared with the CK, at the same matric potential, four years after the tillage increased the water-retention capacity by 21.05%, average infiltration rate by 82.07% and cumulative infiltration by 225.09 cm. ②As time elapsed after the tillage, the water-holding capacity of the soils started to decline while the average infiltration rate increased. 3) Water-holding capacity and the infiltration rate of the sandy soil decreased with increasing biochar application, while in the loam soil applying biochar at ratio of 1% to 8% increased the infiltration rate but reduced water-holding capacity; increasing the biochar application further to 10% only slightly improved the water-holding capacity. 【Conclusion】 Ploughing the maize stalks into subsoil horizon by deep tillage increased soil organic matters and microbial decomposition, thereby improving the ability of the 0~40 cm soil to hold and conduct water. The four-year experiment revealed that such treatments increase yield of the spring maize due to the improved soil quality. |
| Key words: spring maize; deep tillage; straw returning; soil water retention property; cumulative infiltration; water characteristic curve |
