| 引用本文: | 郝树荣,董博豪,周鹏,等.水分胁迫对超级稻生长发育和抗倒伏能力的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(9):1-8. |
| HAO Shurong,DONG Bohao,ZHOU Peng,et al.水分胁迫对超级稻生长发育和抗倒伏能力的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(9):1-8. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确水分胁迫条件下影响超级稻抗倒伏能力的主要因素。【方法】于2016年5─10月在河海大学南方地区高效灌排与农业水土环境教育部重点实验室进行不同水分胁迫处理的盆栽试验，于拔节初期设浅水勤灌（CK）、轻旱（C1）、重旱（C2）3个处理，研究了超级稻（南粳5055、新两优6380）形态性状、力学性状和抗倒伏能力。【结果】拔节初期水分胁迫抑制株高增加，降低重心高度，减小节间长度，增大基部茎粗，壁厚和充实程度，南粳5055轻旱、重旱处理的倒伏指数分别比浅水勤灌处理减小24.49%、33.67%，累积破坏能量分别增加8.44%、2.58%；新两优6380轻旱、重旱处理的倒伏指数分别比浅水勤灌处理减小34.78%、32.61%，累积破坏能量分别增加15.43%、2.32%。轻旱处理的倒伏指数较小，累积破坏能量较大，更有利于抗倒伏能力的提升。相较于南粳5055，新两优6380的节间干质量和充实度更大，使抗弯刚度、抗折力明显增大，抗倒伏能力更强，且对轻旱的响应更加积极。株高、重心高度、节间长度和弯曲力矩与倒伏指数极显著正相关，抗折力、抗弯刚度与倒伏指数极显著负相关。同时，单位长度干质量、抗折力、抗弯刚度与累积破坏能量均极显著正相关。【结论】株高、节间长度、抗折力、单位长度干质量是影响超级稻抗倒伏能力的主要因素。拔节初期水分胁迫通过抑制节间伸长、减小弯曲力矩，提高节间充实程度，增强超级稻稻抗倒伏能力，轻旱效果最佳。新两优6380抗倒伏能力优于南粳5055。 |
| 关键词: 水分胁迫； 超级稻； 倒伏； 形态性状； 力学性状 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.20180118 |
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| The Effects of Water Stress on Growth and Resistance of Super Rice Against Loading |
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HAO Shurong, DONG Bohao, ZHOU Peng, PAN Yongchun, WANG Zixin
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College of Water Conservancy and Hydropwer Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 2100985, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Turgor pressure in plant determines its resistance against loading and the purpose of this paper is to investigate how this is impacted by water stress. 【Method】 Pot experiments were conducted using Nanjing 5055 and Xinliangyou 6380 as the model plants. For each plant, we examined three water levels: moderate drought（C1）and severe drought（C2), with sufficient irrigation as the control (CK). During the experiment from May 2016 to October 2016 conducted in the key laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Southern China Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil and Water Environment at Hohai University, the morphological and the resistance of the super rice against loading under different water stresses were measured and compared. 【Result】 In early jointing stage, water stress inhibited plant growth, lowered the gravitational centroid of the plan and reduced the internode length, while increasing the internode diameter, wall thickness and internode fullness. Compared to CK, C1 and C2 treatments reduced the falling-over rate of Nanjing 5055 by 24.49% and 33.67% respectively, while enhancing the cumulative destructive energy by 8.44% and 2.58% respectively. Similarly, the falling-over rate of Xinliangyou 6380 under C1 and C2 was reduced by 34.78% and 32.61%, while the cumulative destructive energy was enhanced by 15.43% and 2.32%, respectively, compared CK. Compared with Nanjing 5055, Xinliangyou 6380 has a better internode dry quality and inter-flushness, which improve the flexural rigidity and the resistance against bending and loading, apart from its high drought-tolerance. The bending moment and resistance of the plants against loading were positively correlated with plant height, gravitational centroid, internode length, yet negatively correlated with the breaking resistance and bending rigidity. The dry weight per unit length, breaking resistance, bending rigidity were positively correlated with the cumulative damage energy. 【Conclusion】 Plant height, internode length and the resistance against breaking, as well as the dry weight per unit length were the main factors that affect the resistance of the super rice against loading. Occurrence of water stress at the early jointing stage increased the resistance of the plant against loading by inhibiting internode elongation, reducing the bending moment, and increasing the internode enrichment. The moderate water stress was most effective, and Xinliangyou 6380 was more resistant than Nanjing 5055 against loading. |
| Key words: water stress; super-rice; lodging; morphological traits; mechanical traits |
