| 引用本文: | 张绍武,胡田田,刘 杰,等.滴灌施肥下水肥用量对温室土壤硝态氮残留的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2019,38(3):56-63. |
| ZHANG Shaowu,HU Tiantian,LIU Jie,et al.滴灌施肥下水肥用量对温室土壤硝态氮残留的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2019,38(3):56-63. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】通过水肥管理达到减少温室土壤硝态氮残留、维持土壤质量的目的，探求温室土壤硝态氮残留与水肥用量的关系。【方法】在滴灌施肥条件下，以灌水量和氮、磷、钾及有机肥用量为试验因素，根据当地日光温室番茄长季节栽培实际中的水肥用量，设计各试验因子的水肥水平，采用五元二次通用旋转组合设计进行试验。拉秧后测定耕层土壤硝态氮量，建立土壤硝态氮量与水肥因子间的数学模型，据此分析了各单因子效应及二因素的耦合效应。【结果】施氮量对土壤硝态氮残留量影响最大，施磷量、灌水量和施钾量次之，有机肥用量最小。当其他因子为0水平时，土壤硝态氮残留量随氮肥用量的增多而增加，随施磷量呈开口向上的抛物线变化，随灌水量、施钾量以及有机肥用量呈开口向下的抛物线变化。灌水量及氮、磷、钾和有机肥用量对土壤硝态氮残留产生的影响程度随其他因子的水平而变，存在明显交互作用。模型寻优显示：灌水量455.1~471.5 mm，施氮量532.3~586.5 kg/hm2，施磷量420.8~466.4 kg/hm2，施钾量646.1~723.5 kg/hm2，有机肥用量25.6~27.9 t/hm2，耕层土壤硝态氮量可维持在100~150 mg/kg的较低水平。【结论】温室菜地土壤硝态氮残留量相对较大，可以通过优化水肥用量来减少土壤硝态氮的残留，故在滴灌施肥条件下仍需严格控制水肥用量。 |
| 关键词: 灌水量； 氮、磷、钾及有机肥用量； 土壤硝态氮残留； 日光温室； 土壤 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.20180305 |
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| Soil Nitrate Residue as Affected by the Amount of Water and Nitrogen Applications under Drip Fertigation |
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ZHANG Shaowu, HU Tiantian, LIU Jie, FENG Puyu, ZHANG Meiling
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1. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling 712100, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling 712100, China; 3. Inner Mongolia Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute, Hohhot 010020, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aims to study the impact of the amount of water and nitrogen applications under drip fertigation on nitrate residue in soil in an attempt to find the optimal fertigation that maintains soil fertility and in the meantime increase nitrogen use efficiency.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with tomato as model plant. We considered the combined effect of irrigation, K, P, N and organic fertilizers under a deign using the quadratic regression orthogonal rotational method. In each treatment, the nitrate content in the plough layer was determined after harvest, which was linked to each of the five factors. 【Result】Nitrate residue in soil was affected mostly by nitrogen application, followed by phosphorus, irrigation and potassium; it was least impacted by organic fertilizer application. When the other factors were at kept 0 level, nitrate residue in soil increased with nitrogen application, parabolically (upward) with phosphorus application, parabolically (downward) with irrigation, potassium and organic fertilizer application. The influence of each of the five factors on soil nitrate residue depended on interaction of the levels of the other factors. In our experiment, the optimum fertilization for keeping nitrate residue in soil at 100~150 mg/kg in the plough layer was as follows: irrigation 455.1~471.5 mm, N application 532.3~586.5 kg/hm2, P application 420.8~466.4 kg/hm2, K application 646.1~723.5 kg/hm2, and organic fertilizer application 25.6~27.9 t/hm2. 【Conclusion】The nitrate residue in the greenhouse soil is generally high, but can be reduced by optimizing the amount of irrigation and fertilizer applications as revealed by our experimental results. |
| Key words: irrigation amount; Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer application rates; soil nitrate N residue; solar greenhouse; quadratic general composite rotatable design |
