| 引用本文: | 李彦彬,冯 娅,边泽鹏,等.花前干旱胁迫对冬小麦生长指标的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(3):23-30. |
| LI Yanbin,FENG Ya,BIAN Zepeng,et al.花前干旱胁迫对冬小麦生长指标的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(3):23-30. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究干旱胁迫对冬小麦生长指标的影响。【方法】选用周麦22为试验材料，在拔节期和抽穗期分别设置轻度干旱（土壤含水率控制在田间持水率的60%~70%）、中度干旱（土壤含水率控制在田间持水率的 50%~60%）和重度干旱（土壤含水率控制在田间持水率的40%~50%），对比分析了冬小麦根系形态、根系分布、株高及叶面积的变化过程。【结果】干旱胁迫处理根长相比CK均降低，T1、T2、T3处理总根长随干旱程度的加深而增长；经过连续处理的各根系特征在轻旱、中旱条件下均大于单阶段处理，重旱条件下各根系特征则明显降低；但复水后拔节期处理的根系补偿恢复能力高于抽穗期。随着干旱胁迫程度及时间增加，根系向下伸展生长，使各根系指标向深层转移，但根系总体绝对量明显减少，T9处理根干质量相比CK降低64.79%，并且株高、叶面积所受的抑制增大。其中拔节期对株高影响更大，T1、T2、T3处理株高相比CK降低3.78%、7.59%、16.09%；抽穗期对叶面积影响更大，T4、T5、T6处理叶面积相比CK降低8.11%、23.45%、29.43%；而经连续干旱处理后的株高和叶面积都明显低于各单阶段处理；抽穗期经干旱胁迫处理的株高、叶面积在干旱胁迫1周后就表现出较强补偿效应，而拔节期表现则相对迟缓；在经历连续干旱胁迫后均无明显补偿。【结论】在冬小麦实际生产中应避免连续干旱，花前若需控水，应尽量满足拔节期供水，控水在抽穗期保持轻旱水平。 |
| 关键词: 干旱复水；冬小麦；根系；株高；叶面积 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020399 |
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| Effect of Drought Stress before Anthesis on Growth Indexes of Winter Wheat |
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LI Yanbin, FENG Ya, BIAN Zepeng, LI Daoxi, ZHU Yanan
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1.North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China; 2.Changshu River Management Office, Changshu 215500, China
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| Abstract: |
| Due to the global climate change, the intensity, frequency and scope of influence of agricultural drought disasters are increasing. Wheat is an important food and economic crop in China and it occupies an important position in food production. Therefore，to explore how crops respond to the changes of drought environment，and improve the resistance to drought stress and adaptability to drought environment are the key scientific problems to be solved urgently.【Objective】To study the effect of drought stress on growth indexes of winter wheat. 【Method】 Select Zhoumai 22 as the test material, set up a full irrigation treatment (namely CK) during the whole growth period, and set mild drought in the jointing and heading stages (soil moisture content is controlled at 60%~70% of field water holding rate, namely T1, T4 treatment), moderate drought (soil moisture content controlled at 50%~60% of field water holding rate, namely T2, T5 treatment) and severe drought (soil moisture content controlled at 40% of field water holding rate %~50%, namely T3 and T6 treatments), and continuous light drought (soil moisture content controlled at 60%~70% of field water holding rate, namely T7 treatment) and continuous moderate drought (soil moisture content) and jointing and heading stage. Controlled at 50%~60% of field water holding rate, namely T8 treatment), continuous heavy drought (soil moisture content controlled at 40%~50% of field water holding rate, namely T9 treatment), comparative analysis of winter wheat root morphology, the change process of root distribution, plant height and leaf area. 【Result】 The root length of the T1—T9 stages of the drought stress treatment were all lower than that of CK, but the total root length of the three treatment stages in the jointing stage increased with the depth of the drought; the root dry quality after continuous treatment was in light drought and medium under drought conditions, it was greater than single-stage treatment. Under severe drought conditions, the root characteristics including root length, root dry mass, and root surface area were significantly reduced; however, the root compensation and restoration ability of jointing treatment after rewatering was higher than that of heading. With the increase of drought stress and time, the root system expands and grows downwards, so that various root system indicators including root length, root dry quality, root surface area, etc. are transferred to the deep layer, but the total absolute amount of root system is significantly reduced. The root dry quality of T9 treatment is compared with CK Reduced by 64.79%, and the inhibition of plant height and leaf area increased. The jointing stage has a greater impact on plant height. Compared with CK, the plant height of T1, T2, and T3 treatments is reduced by 3.78%, 7.59%, and 16.09%; the heading stage has a greater impact on the leaf area, and the leaf area of T4, T5 and T6 treatments is compared CK decreased by 8.11%, 23.45%, and 29.43%; while the plant height and leaf area after continuous drought treatment were significantly lower than each single-stage treatment; the plant height and leaf area after drought stress treatment at heading stage were reduced after one week of drought stress Shows a strong compensation effect, but the jointing stage performance is relatively slow; there is no obvious compensation after continuous drought stress. 【Conclusion】 Continuous drought should be avoided in the actual production of winter wheat. If water control is required before flowering, the water supply at the jointing stage should be satisfied as much as possible, and the water control should be maintained at a light drought level during the heading stage. |
| Key words: drought and rewatering; winter wheat; root system; plant height; leaf area |
