| 引用本文: | 张巧玲,胡海棠,王道芸,等.海河流域农田氮磷面源污染的空间分布特征及关键源区识别[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(4):97-106. |
| ZHANG Qiaoling,HU Haitang,WANG Daoyun,et al.海河流域农田氮磷面源污染的空间分布特征及关键源区识别[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(4):97-106. |
|
| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析海河流域农田氮磷面源污染及对水质影响的空间分布特征，并识别关键源区，以期为该流域面源污染治理提供参考依据。【方法】基于InVEST营养物传输率模型和产水量模型，估算了海河流域农田氮磷入河负荷、河流断面氮磷入河通量和潜在氮磷径流质量浓度，结合GIS空间热点分析、水文网络分析识别面源污染关键源区。【结果】海河流域2015年氮磷入河负荷分别为2.41 kg/hm2和0.56 kg/hm2，入河总量达3.493 4万t和0.807 7万t，潜在氮、磷径流质量浓度分别为5.97、1.47 mg/L，约55%的河段超过地表V类水质TN、TP标准。农田氮磷污染呈明显的沿西北部山区向中南部平原方向上升的分布特征；农田氮磷入河负荷和潜在氮磷径流质量浓度的空间分布差异明显，前者高值分布在徒骇马颊河水系、漳卫河水系、子牙河水系，后者高值分布在徒骇马颊河全线、黑龙港运东河中下游、大清河支流和子牙河上游部分河段；流域水系上游或支流的潜在氮磷径流质量浓度普遍高于干流。热点区面积分别占14.45%、16.02%，贡献入河总量的23.39%、27.71%。【结论】海河流域农田氮磷面源污染较严重，西北部山区地区的污染程度低于中南部平原地区，以流域中南部、石家庄和秦皇岛的周边地区为关键源区。 |
| 关键词: 水文；模型；农田面源污染；氮磷负荷；关键源区 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020411 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Haihe Basin and Their Determinants |
|
ZHANG Qiaoling, HU Haitang, WANG Daoyun, QIU Chunxia,LI Cunjun, BAI Cui, JING Tingting
|
|
1.Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; 2.Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; 3. National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Background and objective】 Haihe basin is one of the most polluted regions in northern China with most of its pollutants originating from agricultural production. The purpose of this paper is to analyze spatial distribution of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the basin, as well as their effect on water quality and origins.【Method】Using the InVEST model, we analyzed N and P load from farmlands, as well as their discharges to the river, from which we estimated their concentration in the runoff. The sources of N and P were analyzed using GIS based on hydrological network in the basin.【Result】①The N and P released from farmland to the river was 2.41 kg/hm2, 0.56 kg/hm2 respectively in 2015, with total N and P discharged to the river being 3.493 4 million tons and 0.807 7 million tons respectively. Average N and P concentration in runoff in the river was 5.97 mg/L and 1.47 mg/L respectively, with N and P concentrations in 55% of the river exceeded the Surface Water Class V Standard. ②N and P released from farmlands in the mountain areas was lower than that from the middle plain regions. N and P concentration and N and P discharged to the river vary spatially, with the latter concentrated in Tuhaimajia, Zhangwei and Ziya sub-basins, while the former located in Tuhaimajia river, middle and low reaches of Heilonggang river, the tributaries of Daqing river and the upstream of Ziya river. N and P concentrations in the upstream and the tributaries of the basin were higher than that in the mainstream. ③The hotspot areas of N and P account for 14.45% and 16.02% of the total areas, which contributed 23.39% and 27.71% of N and P discharged to the river. 【Conclusion】N and P pollution from farmland in Haihe basin is severe, with the mountainous areas in the northwest more polluted than the central and southern plains. N and P pollution in the central and southern basin, as well as the areas in the proximity of Shijiazhuang and Qinhuangdao are most concerning. |
| Key words: Hydrological network; non-point source pollution; farmland; N and P load; critical source areas |
