| 引用本文: | 郭振宇,杨丹妮,杨晓琳,等.不同灌溉方式对大豆耗水和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(3):14-25. |
| GUO Zhenyu,YANG Danni,YANG Xiaolin,et al.不同灌溉方式对大豆耗水和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(3):14-25. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同灌溉方式对大豆全生育期耗水量及水分利用效率的影响，为大豆节水栽培提供科学依据。【方法】于2021年在甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站开展试验，设置了膜下滴灌、无膜滴灌、覆膜畦灌和无膜畦灌4种灌溉方式，每块试验田中心布设一台波文比-能量平衡系统对大豆全生育期的水热通量进行连续定位观测，研究了不同灌溉方式对大豆的农田小气候，生长发育，耗水量（ET），产量以及水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。【结果】①覆膜对比无膜提高大豆净辐射（Rn）6.58 W/m2，同时滴灌对比畦灌提高土壤温度1.30 ℃。②覆膜和滴灌2种措施在不同程度上对大豆的生理指标产生影响。与无膜相比，覆膜显著提高叶面积指数（LAI）18.29%；但畦灌比滴灌LAI高5.45%。③覆膜和滴灌均可显著降低大豆全生育期ET，膜下滴灌对比其他3种处理全生育期ET最小，仅为378.92 mm。④4种灌溉方式下，环境因子和生物因子中与ET正相关性最显著的分别为Rn和LAI。⑤膜下滴灌比无膜滴灌、覆膜畦灌、无膜畦灌各增产18.07%、5.27%、11.17%。同种灌溉方式下覆膜使WUE平均显著提高25.93%；同种覆膜条件下滴灌使WUE平均显著提高34.62%，膜下滴灌的WUE比无膜滴灌、覆膜畦灌、无膜畦灌分别显著提高31.15%、42.86%、70.21%。【结论】膜下滴灌比无膜滴灌、覆膜畦灌、无膜畦灌的产量平均提高了11.51%，ET平均减少了24.13%，同时WUE平均提高了48.07%，灌溉水利用效率平均提高了46.57%；综合考虑作物的耗水、产量、WUE，膜下滴灌对大豆生长提供了更适宜的生长环境并具有明显的节水增产作用。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌；覆膜；产量；水分利用效率；大豆 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022445 |
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| Water Consumption and Water Use Efficiency of Soybean Are Impacted by Irrigation Method |
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GUO Zhenyu, YANG Danni, YANG Xiaolin, LI Sien, WANG Chunyu, ZHANG Yunxuan
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1. College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
2. National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of
Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Irrigation modulates water movement in soil and its bioavailability to crop roots. This study is to investigate the effect of different irrigation methods on water consumption and water use efficiency of soybean during its whole growth period, with an aim to help develop water-saving irrigation. 【Method】The field experiment was conducted in 2021 in Wuwei, Gansu province. It compared four irrigation methods: drip irrigation under film mulching, drip irrigation without mulching, border irrigation with film mulching, and border irrigation without mulching. The Bowen ratio-energy balance system was used to continuously monitor the changes in microclimate, crop growth and yield, water consumption (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE).【Result】①Film mulching increased net radiation (Rn) of the soybean by 6.58 W/m2, compared to no mulching; Soil temperature increased by 1.30 ℃ relative to drip irrigation. ②irrigation method and mulching affected physiological indexes of the soybean both at significant levels. Film mulching increased the leaf area index (LAI) significantly by 18.29%, compared to no mulching, while the border irrigation increased the LAI by 5.45%, compared to drip irrigation. ③Film mulching and drip irrigation reduced the ET significantly over the whole growth period, with the mulched drip irrigation having the least ET - 378.92 mm, compared to other treatments. ④Among all environmental and biological factors, Rn and LAI are correlated with ET positively and most significantly. ⑤The yield of soybean under mulched drip irrigation was 18.07%, 5.27% and 11.17% higher than that of non-mulched drip irrigation, film mulched border irrigation, and non-mulched border irrigation, respectively. Film mulching increased WUE by 25.93% compared to no mulching, and drip irrigation increased WUE by 34.62% compared to border irrigation. The mulched drip irrigation increased WUE by 31.15%, 42.86% and 70.21%, respectively, compared to non-film mulched drip irrigation, film-mulched border irrigation and non-film mulched border irrigation.【Conclusion】Compared to drip irrigation without film, border irrigation with film and border irrigation without film, the yield of drip irrigation under film increased by an average of 11.51%, ET decreased by 24.13%, and WUE increased by 48.07% and irrigation water use efficiency improved by 46.57%; Taking into account the water consumption, yield and water use efficiency of soybean, drip irrigation under film provided a more benefit growth environment for soybean growth and significantly reduced ET and increased yield. |
| Key words: drip irrigation; film; yield; water use efficiency; soybean |
