| 引用本文: | 李彦彬,卢争光,李道西,等.连旱对夏玉米叶绿素荧光特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(3):26-31. |
| LI Yanbin,LU Zhengguang,LI Daoxi,et al.连旱对夏玉米叶绿素荧光特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(3):26-31. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探明连续干旱胁迫对夏玉米叶绿素荧光特性、产量和水分利用效率（WUE）的影响，为夏玉米抗旱稳产提供理论指导。【方法】选用夏玉米“DHA757”为供试品种，在拔节期（B）、抽雄期（C）和灌浆期（G）设置不同程度的干旱处理，分别为：正常（CK）、轻旱（1）、中旱（2）、重旱（3），分别对应田间持水率（FC）的(70%，80%］、(60%，70%］、(50%，60%］、(40%，50%］。通过移动防雨棚下桶栽的方式控水，试验设置拔节期单旱2个，两阶段连旱（拔节—抽雄期）3个，三阶段连旱（拔节—抽雄—灌浆期）3个，研究了连旱胁迫对夏玉米耗水量、SPAD、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、产量和WUE的影响。【结果】与CK相比，连旱胁迫显著降低了夏玉米的耗水量、SPAD、Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo，且降幅随干旱程度的加剧而增大。不同干旱处理均会造成夏玉米减产，在拔节期单旱处理下，B3减产最明显，B2次之；两阶段连旱和三阶段连旱处理下，轻旱减产不明显，其他干旱程度均导致产量显著降低。WUE在B2、B1C1、B2C2处理下相比CK分别增加了5.1%、2.8%、6.3%，说明低程度干旱有助于WUE的提高。【结论】综合考虑产量和WUE，拔节期中旱（50%~60%FC）和拔节—抽雄期两阶段连续轻旱（60%FC~70%FC）是节水和保障粮食安全的适宜选择。 |
| 关键词: 连旱；夏玉米；叶绿素荧光特性；产量；水分利用效率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022333 |
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| Effect of Prolonged Drought on Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Summer Maize |
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LI Yanbin, LU Zhengguang, LI Daoxi, ZHOU Tingquan, HOU Haosen, LIU Huan, YANG Peiwen
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North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Drought is a common stress faced by crops during their growth. Its impact on crop growth and ultimate yield depends on when droughts occur as well as their duration and severity. This paper is to investigate the impact of prolonged droughts on chlorophyll fluorescence, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of summer maize, and provide a guidance for enhancing drought resistance and ensuring stable yield of summer maize. 【Method】Pot experiment was conducted at a site with mobile rain shed covering. Maize variety DHA757 was used as the model plant; the drought was artificially imposed at jointing-stage (B), tasseling stage (C), and filling stage (G), respectively, at normal (CK), light (1), medium (2), or heavy (3) level. There were nine treatments: two drought treatments with different severity occurring only at jointing-stage, three consecutive droughts occurring continuously across jointing and tasseling stages, three consecutive droughts occurring continuously across jointing, tasseling and filling stage, and one control (without drought). In each treatment, we measured water consumption, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of the crop.【Result】Continuous drought significantly reduced water consumption, SPAD, Fv/Fm, and Fv/Fo of the maize, compared to the control. The decrease in these parameters increased with drought severity. All drought treatments reduced the crop yield. For the single drought treatment at the jointing-stage, the yield reduction of B3 was most significant, followed by B2. For droughts lasting two stages and three stages, light droughts did not result in a significant reduction in yield, but other droughts reduced the yield significantly. Compared to CK, B2, B1+C1 and B2+C2 increased WUE by 5.1%, 2.8% and 6.3%, respectively, indicating that a light drought was beneficial to improving WUE.【Conclusion】Considering both yield and WUE, a medium drought at the jointing stage (with soil water content dropping to 50%~60% of the field capacity), and a prolonged drought lasting two stages with the soil water content in the range of 60%~70% of the field capacity are suitable for reducing water evaporation without considerably compromising the yield. Our results provide guidance to help sustain summer maize production in regions susceptible to drought. |
| Key words: continuous drought; summer maize; chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics; yield; water use efficiency |
