| 引用本文: | 马菊花,黄彩霞,李亚珍,等.秸秆覆盖量与覆盖方式对马铃薯耗水特性及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(3):57-64. |
| MA Juhua,HUANG Caixia,LI Yazhen,et al.秸秆覆盖量与覆盖方式对马铃薯耗水特性及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(3):57-64. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探明覆盖对黄土高原旱作区马铃薯耗水规律、水分利用效率及产量的影响，【方法】以传统露地平作种植为对照（CK），设地膜覆盖（PM）、高垄秸秆局部高覆盖量（RSM9）、高垄秸秆局部低覆盖量（RSM6）、平作秸秆局部高覆盖量（PSM9）、平作秸秆局部低覆盖量（PSM6）、秸秆全覆盖（FC）的种植模式，共7个处理，秸秆覆盖量与覆盖方式对马铃薯耗水特性及产量的影响。【结果】①与CK相比，秸秆局部覆盖处理薯块产量和WUE分别平均提高11.8%~21.7%、15.9%~26.7%；局部覆盖处理间，与平作秸秆局部覆盖处理（PSM）相比，高垄秸秆局部覆盖处理（RSM）薯块产量和WUE分别平均提高1.5%和1.7%；与秸秆局部高覆盖量（9 000 kg/hm2）处理相比，秸秆局部低覆盖量（6 000 kg/hm2）处理薯块产量和WUE分别平均提高6.1%和6.5%。②与CK相比，秸秆局部覆盖处理有增墒和降墒的双重效应，且增墒点次远多于降墒点次；局部覆盖各处理间土壤贮水量均表现为RSM6处理>PSM6处理>RSM9处理>PSM9处理。③与CK相比，秸秆局部覆盖处理马铃薯块茎形成—淀粉积累期的耗水量、日耗水强度及耗水模系数分别高4.6 mm、0.11 mm/d、2.7%；局部覆盖处理间，块茎膨大—收获期耗水特征均表现为RSM处理>PSM处理，而在播种—块茎膨大期为PSM处理>RSM处理。【结论】秸秆局部覆盖通过降低块茎膨大期前耗水，增加块茎膨大期后耗水，平衡马铃薯关键生育期耗水需求，促进马铃薯生长发育达到增产效果。因此，在马铃薯覆盖栽培模式中，推荐高垄秸秆局部覆盖（RSM）+6 000 kg/hm2的秸秆覆盖量为最优种植模式。 |
| 关键词: 秸秆局部覆盖；平作；高垄；耗水特性；马铃薯 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022204 |
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| The Way and Amount of Straw Mulching Impact Water Consumption and Yield of Potato |
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MA Juhua, HUANG Caixia, LI Yazhen, YANG Yong, CHEN Zhipi, LI Hongcai,
LI Yongjun, HU Liangliang, WANG Longlong, ZHANG Qian
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1. College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. Dingxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Dingxi 743000, China; 3. Dingxi Water Resources Bureau, Dingxi 743000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Straw mulching and ridge tillage is an improved agronomic technology to sustain crop production in the loess plateau in northwestern China. How their combination impacts water uptake and crop yield is not well understood. This paper is to fill this knowledge gap.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a potato field and compared ridge tillage and traditional flatten tillage. For the ridge tillage, there were three mulching treatments: film mulching (PM), locally high straw mulching (RSM9), and locally low straw mulching (RSM6). For the traditional flatten tillage, there were also three treatments: locally high straw mulching (PSM9), locally low straw mulching (PSM6), and full straw mulching (FC). The control is flatten tillage without mulching.【Result】①Compared with CK, mulching increased the yield and WUE of the potato by 11.8%~21.7% and 15.9%~26.7%, respectively. Compared with PSM treatments, RSM treatments increased the yield and WUE of the potato by 1.5% and 1.7%, respectively. Compared with the locally high straw mulching (9 000 kg/hm2), the locally low straw mulching (6 000 kg/hm2) increased the yield and WUE by 6.1% and 6.5%, respectively. ② Compared with CK, local straw mulching increased soil moisture in some regions and reduced it in other regions, but overall, it increased soil water content. The increased soil water storage under different treatments was ranked in the order of RSM6 >PSM6 >RSM9 >PSM9 treatment. ③ Compared with CK, partial straw mulching increased total water consumption, daily water consumption, and water consumption coefficient for potato tuber formation and starch accumulation by 4.6 mm, 0.11 mm/d and 2.7%, respectively. Water consumption during tuber expansion and harvest was greater in RSM than in PSM, while the opposite was true during soil-tuber expansion.【Conclusion】Straw mulching can reduce water consumption before tuber expansion, increase water consumption after tuber expansion, balance water consumption and demand during key growth stages, and promote potato growth and development. For all treatments we compared, ridge tillage coupled with partial straw mulching at 6 000 kg/hm2 was most effective. |
| Key words: local straw mulching; culture; high ridge; water consumption characteristics; potato |
