| 引用本文: | 郭 颂,杨卫君,宋世龙,等.不同灌水量与生物炭用量对春小麦光合特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(3):65-73. |
| GUO Song,YANG Weijun,SONG Shilong,et al.不同灌水量与生物炭用量对春小麦光合特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(3):65-73. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究水炭耦合对北疆灌区春小麦光合特性及产量的影响。【方法】开展常规灌水量（w0）、灌水量减少10%（w1）、灌水量减少20%（w2）3个灌水量水平和不施生物炭（b0）、施加生物炭10 t/hm2（b1）、施加生物炭20 t/hm2（b2）3个生物炭施加量的2因素3水平试验，研究不同灌水量及生物炭用量对春小麦植株光合及产量的影响，建立基于生物炭施加量、灌水量与产量的拟合模型。【结果】生物炭施用量显著影响开花期叶面积指数。与b0w0处理相比，施生物碳与减少灌水量的组合春小麦LAI提升9.1%~25.41%，花后20 d春小麦SPAD值提升了1.7%~10.73%。不同灌水量处理显著影响春小麦光合特性、干物质积累量和产量形成；灌水量为w1时，施加适量的生物炭能促进春小麦开花期干物质积累量，提升春小麦光合特性与产量；灌水量为w2时，施加生物炭（b1w2、b2w2处理）会使春小麦光合特性下降，春小麦净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2摩尔分数分别下降11.58%~18.15%、55.85%~66.3%、67.42%~75.94%和16.2%~27.19%。灌水量对春小麦产量的影响较生物炭影响更大，但灌水量为w1时，添加生物炭（b1w1、b2w1处理）的春小麦产量均保持在较高水平，b1w1处理春小麦产量较b0w0处理提升7.57%，而b2w1处理通过增加千粒质量提高产量，产量增幅达到3.36%。【结论】结合模型模拟分析可知，灌水量减少10%和生物炭施加20 t/hm2组合是最有利用于北疆灌区春小麦稳产、高产的施用模式。 |
| 关键词: 春小麦；生物炭；控水；光合特性；产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022223 |
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| Change in Photosynthesis of Spring Wheat with Irrigation Amount and Biochar Amendment |
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GUO Song, YANG Weijun, SONG Shilong, CHEN Yuxin, YANG Mei, HUI Chao, ZHANG Jinshan
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College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for High-quality Specialty Wheat Crops,
Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Amending soil with biochar can improve soil structure and fertility, but it could make soil slightly hydrophobic. Its combined effect with irrigation on crop growth is not well understood. This paper aims to fill this knowledge gap by using spring wheat as the exemplary plant.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a spring wheat field in northern Xinjiang and comprised three irrigation amounts: irrigation amount used by local farmers (w0), reducing w0 by 10% (w1), and reducing w0 by 20% (w2). For each irrigation amount, there were three biochar amendments: no biochar (b0), adding 10 t/hm2 (b1) and 20 t/hm2 (b2) of biochar. For each treatment, we measured photosynthesis and yield of the spring wheat; its relationship with biochar amendment rate and irrigation amount was fitted to pre-defined functions.【Result】Biochar application amount affected leaf area index at the flowering stage significantly. Compared to b0w0, reducing irrigation amount combined with a biochar amendment increased LAI by 9.1%~25.41%, and SPAD by 1.7%~10.73% 20 days after the flowering. Irrigation amount had a significant impact on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and yield formation. Reducing irrigation amount by 10% coupled with an appropriate biochar amendment promoted material accumulation in the plant during the flowering stage, thereby improving photosynthesis and the ultimate yield. However, when the irrigation amount was reduced by 20%, biochar amendment reduced photosynthesis, with the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductivity and intercellular CO2 concentration decreasing by 11.58%~18.15%, 55.85%~66.3%, 67.42%~75.94% and 16.2%~27.19%, respectively, from the control. Irrigation amount affected the yield more significantly than biochar, but an appropriate biochar amendment can compensate for the yield loss due to irrigation water reduction. In all treatments we compared, b1w1 was most effective, increasing the grain yield by 7.57% compared b0w0. b2w1 was most effective in increasing 1 000-grain weight, and compared to b0w0, it increased the grain yield by 3.36%.【Conclusion】The compressive experiment showed that reducing irrigation amount currently used by local farmers by 10% combined with a 20 t/hm2 application of biochar is most effective for saving water and improving spring wheat yield in northern Xinjiang. |
| Key words: spring wheat; biochar; water control; photosynthetic characteristics; production |
