| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨灌溉施肥对设施番茄生长、产量、品质及水肥利用率的影响，筛选适合河西干旱区日光温室番茄栽培的最佳灌溉施肥模式。【方法】采用基质（玉米秸秆50%+炉渣30%+牛粪20%+生物菌）栽培方式，共设4个处理：农户模式T0（N、P2O5、K2O施用量分别为615、315、750 kg/hm2，灌水量6 000 m3/hm2）、常规模式T1（N、P2O5、K2O施用量分别为435、150、600 kg/hm2，灌水量4 500 m3/hm2）、优化模式T2（与T1处理相比，施肥量、灌水量均下浮10%）和优化模式T3（与T1处理相比，施肥量、灌水量均上浮10%）。【结果】不同灌溉施肥模式可显著影响番茄产量、品质和水肥利用率。与T0处理相比，随着施肥量和灌水量减少，番茄生物量、氧化酶活性、脯氨酸、产量及水肥利用率呈先增后减的变化趋势，即T3处理最高，T1处理次之，T0处理最低，且T3处理与T0处理间差异显著。丙二醛量以T0处理最高，商品率以T3处理最大（87%）；T3处理糖酸比5.13，风味最好。T1、T2、T3处理比T0处理显著增产3.6%~27.8%，其中T3处理产量最高为152 489.25 kg/hm2。T3处理灌溉水分利用率、肥料偏生产力最大，分别为30.8 kg/m3、116.9 kg/kg。【结论】N、P2O5、K2O施用量分别为480、165、660 kg/hm2，灌水量为4 950 m3/hm2的灌溉施肥模式最佳，可促进番茄植株生长，有利于果实品质、产量及水肥利用率的提高。 |
| 关键词: 设施番茄；灌溉施肥；产量；品质；水肥利用率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022218 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Integrated Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization on Fruit Yield and Quality and Water-fertilizer Use Efficiency of Substrate-cultured Tomato |
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WANG Weijie, WANG Fadong, ZHANG Xiaoyan
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Jinchang Academy of Agriculture, Jinchang 737100, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Water and nutrients combine to mediate crop acquisition of resources from soil. This paper studies the integrated effect of irrigation and fertilization on yield and fruit quality, as well as water use efficiency of substrate-cultured tomato.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse at Hexi in northwestern China. The substrates used in the experiment comprised 50% of corn straw, 30% of slag, and 20% of cow dung and biological microbes. There were four irrigation-fertigation treatments: N 615 kg/hm2, P2O5 315 kg/hm2, K2O 750 kg/hm2, and irrigation 6 000 m3/hm2 (T0, used by local farmers); N 435 kg/hm2, P2O5 150 kg/hm2, K2O 600 kg/hm2, and irrigation 4 500 m3/hm2 (T1); reducing the irrigation and fertilization in T0 by 10% (T2), reducing the irrigation and fertilization in T1 by 10% (T3). For each treatment, we measured fruit yield and quality, and its water use efficiency.【Result】Irrigation and fertilization affected fruit yield and quality, and the water-fertilizer utilization efficiency significantly. The biomass, oxidase activity, proline, quality indexes, yield, and water-fertilizer utilization efficiency of the crop were the highest in T3, least in T0, with T1 and T2 between. T3 gave the highest commercial-standard tomato fruits (87%) and best fruit flavor, with the ratio of soluble sugar to organic acids being 5.13. Compared to T0, other treatments increased the fruit yield by 3.6% to 27.8%. T3 gave the highest yield （152 489.25 kg/hm2）, the highest irrigation water use efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity, which were 30.8 kg/m3 and 116.9 kg/kg, respectively. 【Conclusion】Irrigating 4 950 m3/hm2 of water coupled with fertilizing 480 kg/hm2 N, 165 kg/hm2 P2O5 and 660 kg/hm2 K2O was optimal to improve growth, fruit yield and quality, and water-fertilizer use efficiency of the substrate-cultured tomato grown in solar greenhouses in the arid areas in Hexi, northwestern China. |
| Key words: protected tomato; irrigation and fertilization; yield; quality; water and fertilizer utilization efficiency |
