| 引用本文: | 谭军利,王西娜,马小福,等.微咸水补灌年限对压砂地水盐分布及西瓜产量和品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(5):1-8. |
| TAN Junli,WANG Xi’na,MA Xiaofu,et al.微咸水补灌年限对压砂地水盐分布及西瓜产量和品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(5):1-8. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨微咸水补灌年限对压砂地土壤水盐分布特征及西瓜产量和品质的影响。【方法】采用田间定位调查方法，研究了微咸水补灌年限为2、4、7、10、14 a的压砂地0~60 cm土壤水盐动态分布及西瓜产量和品质。【结果】西瓜伸蔓期和收获期土壤饱和电导率随微咸水补灌年限增加而增加，荒地土壤20~40 cm土层饱和电导率最高，而压砂地在40~60 cm土层饱和电导率最高；微咸水补灌增加了开花坐瓜期土壤体积含水率，但随微咸水补灌年限增加呈先增加后减小的趋势；压砂地表层（0~10 cm）土壤体积含水率最高，而荒地10~20 cm土层的土壤体积含水率最高；与荒地相比，土表覆砂增加了0~40 cm土层土壤体积质量及0~8 cm土层的土壤紧实度，而8 cm以下土层土壤紧实度小于荒地；西瓜产量和瓜周可溶性固形物量随微咸水补灌年限增加分别呈降低和先增加后降低的趋势。【结论】长期微咸水补灌提高了压砂地上层土壤体积质量和紧实度，同时也增加了土壤含水率和土壤盐分，西瓜产量随微咸水补灌年限增加呈下降趋势，而西瓜品质则有先提高后降低的趋势。 |
| 关键词: 微咸水；压砂地；西瓜；补灌年限；土壤盐分 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022440 |
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| Effect of Long-term Brackish Water Irrigation on Soil Water and Salt Distribution, and Yield and Quality of Watermelon in Sand-mulched Field |
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TAN Junli, WANG Xi’na, MA Xiaofu, TIAN Juncang
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1. School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 2. Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Modern Agricultural Water Resources High Efficiency in Arid Area, Yinchuan 750021, China;
3. Engineering and Technology Research Center of Water-saving and Water Resource Regulation in Ningxia,
Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 4. School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Brackish water has been used as a supplementary irrigation resource in some arid and semi-arid regions in northwestern China, but the impact of its long-term application on soil environment and crop growth and quality is not well understood. The objective of this paper is to fill this knowledge gap using watermelon as an example.【Method】The experiment was conducted in fields with sand mulch, where brackish water has been used as a supplementary irrigation resource for varying periods ranging from 2 to 14 years. During the experiment, we measured the distribution of soil water and salt in the 0~60 cm soil layer, soil bulk density, as well as the yield and quality of watermelon. An uncultivated piece of land nearby was used as the control.【Result】Soil salt content increased with the increase in duration of brackish water irrigation in both tendril elongation and harvest stage. The highest soil salt content was in the 20~40 cm soil layer for the control, and in the 40~60 cm soil layer for the sand-mulched field. The supplementary brackish water irrigation increased the soil moisture content in flowering and fruit-setting stages, but the increase varied in that with the increase in the duration of the brackish water irrigation, the soil water content increased first and then declined. The highest soil moisture content in the sand-mulched field was in the surface layer (0~10 cm), while for the control it was in the 10~20 cm soil layer. Sand mulch increased soil bulk density in the 0~40 cm soil layer and soil compaction in the 0~8 cm soil layer. It was also found that with the increase in length of brackish water irrigation, the yield and soluble solids content in the watermelon decreased, while the fruit quality improved first followed by a decline.【Conclusion】Long-term use of brackish water for supplementary irrigation in the sand-mulched fields increased soil bulk density and compaction in the upper soil layers, as well as soil moisture and salt content. As the years of brackish water irrigation increased, the yield of watermelon decreased while the quality of its fruits showed an initial improvement before deteriorating. |
| Key words: brackish water; gravel-sand mulched field; watermelon; supplementary irrigated years; soil salinity |
