| 引用本文: | 马占利,王振华,刘 健,等.膜下滴灌配置模式对北疆地区棉花生长与产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(5):9-15. |
| MA Zhanli,WANG Zhenhua,LIU Jian,et al.膜下滴灌配置模式对北疆地区棉花生长与产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(5):9-15. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同膜下滴灌配置模式对棉花生长及产量的影响，为北疆地区棉花稳产、增收提供技术支撑。【方法】以棉花品种“新陆早42”为研究对象，设置5个膜下滴灌配置模式，分别为：1膜6管12行+窄行布管（N445处理）、1膜3管6行+偏置布管（W205处理）、1膜3管6行+偏置布管+宽行间作小茴香（WJ205处理）、1膜2管4行+窄行布管（N145处理）及1膜3管6行+窄行布管（CK），研究不同膜下滴灌配置模式对棉花生长、光合特性及产量的影响。【结果】棉花株高、叶面积指数、干物质量、光合特性及产量均表现为：N445处理 > CK > W205处理>WJ205处理>N145处理。N445处理的最大株高、最大叶面积指数、地上部干物质量、净光合速率和籽棉产量相比CK分别增加了5.52%、5.20%、13.61%、10.39%和8.86%，增收4 613.25元/hm2；相同膜宽条件下，偏置布管下（W205处理和WJ205处理）的最大株高、最大叶面积指数、总干物质量、净光合速率和籽棉产量相比窄行布管（CK）平均降低了6.23%、8.03%、12.73%、3.82%和5.11%。【结论】增加膜宽和窄行布管可以促进棉花生长，提高光合能力，为棉花稳产、增收提供有利条件。在北疆棉区采用1膜6管12行+窄行布管模式是促进棉农增收的有效途径。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌；模式；棉花；生长；产量；新疆 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022585 |
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| Effects of Planting Patterns on Growth and Yield of Drip-irrigated Cotton in Northern Xinjiang |
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MA Zhanli, WANG Zhenhua, LIU Jian, SONG Libing,
WEN Yue, TAN Mingdong, LIANG Yonghui, HE Jing
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1. College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group,
Shihezi 832000, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-saving Agriculture,
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Shihezi 832000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background and Objective】Northern Xinjiang is the largest and most productive cotton base in China. However, water shortage and unsustainable farming practices have hindered the development of its cotton industry. This study aims to experimentally investigate the effect of planting patterns on physiological growth and yield of the cotton in attempts to help improve sustainability of cotton production in this region.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a drip-irrigated field with film mulch. The planting patterns were designed based on the film width and the distance between adjacent drip tapes: 12 rows and six drip tapes with the film width being 4.45 (N445), six rows and three drip tapes with the film width being 2.05 m (W205), six rows and three drip tapes with the film width being 2.05 m (WJ205), four rows and two drip tapes with the film width being 1.45 (N145). The control is six rows and three drip irrigation tapes with the film width being 2.05 m (CK). During the experiment, we measured the growth, photosynthetic traits and yield of the cotton.【Result】The cotton growth and yield were highest in N445, followed by CK, W205, WJ205 and N145. Compared to CK, N445 increased the height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, net photosynthetic rate, and yield of the cotton by 5.52%, 5.20%, 13.61%, 10.39%, and 8.86%, respectively, equivalent to 4 613.25 Yuan/per hectare increase in income. Compared to CK, W205 and WJ205 under the same film width reduced the height, leaf area index, dry matter mass, net photosynthetic rate, and yield of the cotton by 6.23%, 8.03%, 12.73%, 3.82% and 5.11%, respectively.【Conclusion】Increasing film width and narrowing the row space can increase the height, leaf area index and photosynthetic rate of the cotton, thereby promoting accumulation of dry matter, stabilizing cotton yield and increasing economic return. For all planting patterns we compared, the 12 rows and six tapes with the film width being 4.45 m is optimal. |
| Key words: mulched drip irrigation; planting pattern; cotton; growth; yield; Xinjiang |
