| 引用本文: | 王 英,刘景辉,武俊英,等.控释氮肥减量对糜子干物质积累、光合特性及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(6):10-18. |
| WANG Ying,LIU Jinghui,WU Junying,et al.控释氮肥减量对糜子干物质积累、光合特性及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(6):10-18. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究黄土高原旱作区糜子高效施肥模式，明确控释氮肥减量对糜子光合同化能力及产量的影响。【方法】以当地习惯尿素纯氮施氮量120 kg/hm2（TN）为对照，设置控释氮肥纯氮施氮量120 kg/hm2（T1）、108 kg/hm2（T2）、96 kg/hm2（T3）、84 kg/hm2（T4）、72 kg/hm2（T5）和不施氮肥（T0）7个处理，探究不同氮肥处理后糜子干物质积累分配、旗叶光合特性、SPAD值、NBI及产量的变化规律。【结果】①施氮显著提高了糜子各生育期干物质积累量及旗叶光合能力，与常规尿素相比，控释氮肥等量施用可提高糜子生育中后期干物质积累量4.44%~8.77%，增加成熟期干物质分配到穗中的比例1.58%~2.75%，且年际间结果基本一致；②施用控释氮肥提高糜子旗叶SPAD值和NBI分别为2.19%~5.05%和2.66%~8.34%，2 a平均提高糜子灌浆期净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率分别为3.90%、6.40%和4.20%，施用控释氮肥降低胞间CO2摩尔分数4.45%。③随着控释氮肥施量降低，糜子干物质积累及光合性能均下降，并在减氮20%时显著低于TN处理。糜子旗叶SPAD值和NBI与干物质积累量、净光合速率及产量均呈正相关关系，其中拔节期和灌浆期NBI与产量均极显著正相关。④施用等氮量控释氮肥可显著提高糜子产量4.42%，增加净收益121~280元/hm2，控释氮肥减量10%~20%时糜子产量与TN处理差异不显著，控释氮肥减量30%~40%时糜子产量显著降低3.19%~5.23%。【结论】综上所述，在黄土高原丘陵区糜子生产中施用控释氮肥较尿素表现出更高的增产及减氮潜力。 |
| 关键词: 干物质积累分配；氮平衡指数；净光合速率；SPAD |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022664 |
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| Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilization Via Controlled Release on Dry Matter Accumulation, Photosynthetic Traits and Yield of Proso Millet |
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WANG Ying, LIU Jinghui, WU Junying, MI Junzhen, SUN Mengyuan, ZHANG Lanying, FENG Xueying
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1. College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University/Inner Mongolia Coarse Grain Engineering Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010019, China; 2. Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou 014109, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Proso millet is a common crop cultivated in the Loess Plateau in northwestern China and sustainable production needs to reduce nitrogen fertilization. This paper presents the findings of an experimental study that investigated the impact of reducing nitrogen fertilization through controlled release on photosynthetic traits and yield of the millet.【Method】The field experiment was conducted with application of 120 kg/hm2 of urea taken as the control (TN). There were seven controlled-release treatments, which applied N fertilizer at 120 kg/hm2 (T1), 108 kg/hm2 (T2), 96 kg/hm2 (T3), 84 kg/hm2 (T4), 72 kg/hm2 (T5), and zero (T0). During the experiment, we measured the changes in dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic traits of the flag leaves, SPAD, NBI and yield of the millets in each treatment and the CK.【Result】①Nitrogen fertilization significantly improved the dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic traits of the flag leaves at all growing stages, regardless of treatments. Compared with CK, applying the same amount of N fertilizer but at controlled release increased the dry matter accumulation in the middle and late stages by 4.44%~8.77%, proportion of the dry matter allocated to the ears at maturity stage by 1.58%~2.75%. ②Depending on the application rate, controlled release of N fertilizer led to a 2.19% to 5.05% increase in chlorophyll content and a 2.66% to 8.34% increase in nitrogen balance index of the flag leaves; it also increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at the filling stage by 3.90%, 6.40% and 4.20%, respectively, while reducing the average intercellular CO2 concentration by 4.45%. ③With the decrease in controlled-release N fertilization, both dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic rate decreased, and the decrease was more significant in T3—T0. SPAD and NBI of the flag leaves were positively correlated with the dry matter accumulation, net photosynthetic rate and the yield; the correlations between yield and NBI at the jointing and filling stages was significantly positive. ④Applying the same amount of N as in TN but with controlled release increased the yield of the millet by 4.42%, equivalent to an increase in net income by 121~280 Yuan/hm2. Reducing 10%~20% of N used in the TN with the controlled release did not reduce the yield significantly, but further reduction beyond 20% led to a decrease in yield by 3.19%~5.23%.【Conclusion】Applying N fertilizer in controlled release to proso millet in hilly areas in Loess Plateau can improve its yield. It hence has a potential application for other crops in this region and other regions with similar growing environments. |
| Key words: dry matter accumulation and distribution; nitrogen balance index; net photosynthetic rate; SPAD |
