| 引用本文: | 陈 昱,刘方平,吴彩云,等.鄱阳湖流域典型种植模式农田地表径流与氮磷流失特征[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(7):101-108. |
| CHEN Yu,LIU Fangping,WU Caiyun,et al.鄱阳湖流域典型种植模式农田地表径流与氮磷流失特征[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(7):101-108. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探明鄱阳湖流域内不同种植模式在自然降雨条件下的农田地表径流及氮、磷流失特征。【方法】选取旱作、水旱轮作及水作3种种植模式，通过连续2 a的试验监测，分析不同月份和作物种类的降雨、径流及氮、磷流失特征。【结果】降雨量和径流量主要发生在每年的6—7月，不同种植模式中，作物径流量和产流系数以空心菜最大，晚稻最小，径流量与作物生长期间的降雨量大小基本一致；3个种植模式下的径流量大小排序为：旱作＞水旱轮作＞水作，旱作和水旱轮作相比水作的径流量分别增加了42.28%和20.84%。不同种植模式氮、磷流失主要发生在5—7月，旱作空心菜的总氮、总磷及硝态氮流失量最大，水旱轮作模式中稻的铵态氮流失量最大；3种种植模式总氮、总磷量及硝态氮流失量大小排序与径流量的变化规律一致；旱作物的氮流失以硝态氮为主，水稻的氮流失以铵态氮为主。【结论】不同种植模式径流量大小排序为：旱作模式＞水旱轮作模式＞水作模式，旱作物氮素流失以硝态氮为主，水稻氮素流失以铵态氮为主，总氮、总磷及硝态氮流失量变化规律与径流量变化规律一致。 |
| 关键词: 自然降雨；种植模式；农田；径流；氮磷流失 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022414 |
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| Impact of Planting Practices on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss Via Surface Runoff in Poyang Lake Basin |
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CHEN Yu, LIU Fangping, WU Caiyun, WANG Zirong, ZHANG Fujian
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1. Jiangxi Central Station of Irrigation Experiment, Nanchang 330201, China;
2. Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Chongming District, Shanghai 202150, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Poyang Lake is one of the largest lakes in southern China but has experienced pollution due to agricultural activities. This paper aims to analyze the changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss via surface runoff from cropped lands under different planting practices in the basin. 【Method】For each crop, we compared three planting practices: upland farming, paddy farming, and alternate upland and paddy farming. The experiment lasted two years, during which we measured precipitation, surface runoff and changes in N and P in the surface runoff. 【Result】 The peak rainfalls occurred in June and July, aligning with the highest flow rates under all three planting practices. In the three planting practices, cabbage and early rice had the highest crop runoff, while pakchoi and late rice had the least, with rape and middle rice between. The runoff coefficient was the largest for cabbage and least for late rice, consistent with the change in rainfall intensity during growth seasons of the crops. The crop runoff of the three planting practices was ranked in the order of upland farming>alternate paddy and upland farming>paddy farming. Compared with paddy farming, upland farming and alternate paddy and upland farming increased the crop runoff by 42.28% and 20.84%, respectively. In all three planting practices, nitrogen and phosphorus loss via the surface runoff occurred from May to July. Water spinach under upland farming lost most total N, total P, and nitrate, while middle rice under alternate paddy and upland farming lost most ammonium nitrogen. The losses of total N, total P, and nitrate N via surface runoff from the three planting practices were consistent with the variations in crop runoff. Nitrogen loss from upland farming is through nitrate leaching, while N loss from the rice fields was mainly ammonium. 【Conclusion】 Upland farming resulted in the highest surface runoff, and N and P losses. These findings have important implications for improving planting practices to improve fertilizer use efficiency and mitigate N and P losses in the Poyang Lake basin. |
| Key words: natural rainfall; planting patterns; farmland; runoff; nitrogen and phosphorus loss |
