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| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0645 |
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| Impact of Different Phosphorus Application Levels on Yield and Grain Traits of Winter Wheat in Drylands |
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LU Mei , SUN Min, GAO Zhiqiang, REN Aixia, LEI Miaomiao, XUE Lingzhu
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College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu 030801, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Fertilization is essential in modern agriculture but inappropriate management could lead to yield decrease rather than increase. We took phosphorus fertilizer as an example in this paper, investigating the impact of its application levels on yield and grain traits of wheat growing in dryland in the Loess Plateau. 【Method】 A field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2014 at the Village of Qiujialing at Wenxi County of Shanxi Province, with phosphorus fertilizer applied at 0, 75, 150 and 225 kg/hm2 respectively. During the experiment, we measured soil moisture, accumulation of phosphorus in both soil and plant, as well as the yield and grain traits of the wheat. 【Result】 With the increase in phosphorus application, the 0~300 cm water content before flowering stage, the available phosphorus in top soil after jointing stage, and the accumulated phosphorus at each growth stage all increased first, followed by a decline after peaking at 150 kg/hm2. The regression model between yield and phosphorous application rate gave a maximum yield of 153 kg/hm2 in 2012—2013 and of 148 kg/hm2 in 2013—2014. With phosphorus application increasing, the number of spikes increased by 9%~18% and 14%~22%, the grains per spike by 5%, 1000-grain weight by 4%~6% and 8%~12%, yield by 21%~41% and 19%~24%, and water use efficiency by 19%~25% and 17%~20%, respectively, in 2012—2013 and 2013—2014. Correlation analysis showed that precipitation affected the number of spikes, the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight more significantly than the phosphorus fertilizer did, and that precipitation and phosphorous combined to regulate the number of spikes and the number of the grains per spike. We also found that precipitation had a more profound impact on the yield than phosphorus. 【Conclusion】 Applying phosphorus fertilizer at 150 kg/hm2 appeared to be optimal. It enhanced soil moisture, the available phosphorus in top soil, as well as phosphorus accumulation in plant, thereby increasing water use efficiency, yield and grain traits. |
| Key words: dryland wheat; phosphorus application; soil water storage; phosphorus; yield and its component |
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