| 引用本文: | 赵向田,李继强,程红玉,等.不同覆膜对制种油菜生长及土壤水热的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(7):. |
| ZHAO Xiangtian,LI Jiqiang,CHENG Hongyu,et al.不同覆膜对制种油菜生长及土壤水热的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(7):. |
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| 摘要: |
| 为了给发展制种油菜节水高效栽培技术提供理论依据，采用随机区组试验设计，研究了不同覆膜栽培模式对制种油菜土壤水热变化动态、生育进程及产量的影响。试验设5个处理分别为：半膜平作(FHP)、半膜垄作(RHP)、全膜平作(FOP)、全膜垄作(ROP)和不覆膜平作(CK)，从制种油菜生长发育动态，土壤水热变化规律，产量及水分利用效率等方面比较了不同栽培技术的优越性。结果表明，全生育期FHP、RHP、FOP和ROP处理0~25 cm土层土壤积温分别较CK增加97.4、132.3、196.7和257.6 ℃(P<0.05)，且有效延长了制种油菜花期，FOP、ROP、FHP和RHP处理花期分别较CK延长16、13、11、9 d；覆膜栽培可有效地改善制种油菜田0~110 cm土壤水分状况，且以0~30 cm表现最为显著，随着土层深度的增加，其影响效果逐渐减弱；FHP、RHP、FOP和ROP处理均促进了植株个体发育，提高了制种油菜单株角果数、角粒数、制种产量和水分利用效率，其中以ROP处理最为显著，制种产量较CK增加34.05%，水分利用效率较CK提高30.83%。由此可见，全膜垄作栽培可推荐为春油菜制种较为理想的节水高效栽培模式。 |
| 关键词: 地膜覆盖； 制种油菜； 产量； 土壤水热； 垄作； 平作 |
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| Impact of Plastic-film Mulching on Dynamics of Soil Water, Temperature and Growth of Rape Seedlings |
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ZHAO Xiangtian, LI Jiqiang, CHENG Hongyu, MA Mingqing, LI Kun, WANG Haohan
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Zhangye Agricultural Science academy, Zhangye 734000, China; Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, China; Zhangye Plant Seed Administrative Station, Zhangye 734000, China
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| Abstract: |
| This paper investigated experimentally the dynamics of soil water and temperature, as well as the development and seedling-yield of rape in attempts to improve water use efficiency and provide agronomical method to sustain rape production. Five treatments were examined: flat planting with half mulched by plastic film (FHP), ridge planting with half mulched by plastic film(RHP), flat planting with complete plastic-film mulching (FOP), ridge planting with complete plastic-film mulching. The control is flat planting withoutmulching. The results showed that there was a significant increase in soil temperature (0~25 cm layer) in all treatments with mulching. Compared with the CK, the accumulated soil temperature under FHP, RHP, FOP and ROP increased by 97.4, 132.3, 196.7 and 257.6 ℃(P<0.05) respectively. Mulching prolonged the florescence of the rape seedling, increasing by 16, 13, 11, 9 d under RHP, ROP, FHP and FOP respectively compared with the CK. Mulching also increased soil water in 0~110 cm depth, especially in the top 0~30 cm. In both flat and ridge plantings, mulching promoted the growth of individual plant, as well as its pod number, grain number per pod, yield and water use efficiency(WUE). Compared with other treatments, ROP is most efficient in increasing yield and WUE, and can serve as an agronomical model for cultivation of spring rape seedling. |
| Key words: plastic film mulching; seed rape; yield; soil water content and temperature |
