| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对不同类型的农业灌溉区域进行节水的节能潜力分析并开展相关管理对策探讨。【方法】根据上海农业灌溉系统水资源消耗与能源消耗特征，构建了农业节水管理分区指标体系，采用Ward系统聚类法对上海镇域尺度上的农业灌溉区域进行聚类分析，通过实证研究将上海农业灌溉区域分为4类，并讨论了具有针对性的节水与节能管理对策。【结果】①增加水利基础设施建设投入在提升农业用水效率的同时，需兼顾农业灌溉系统的能源利用效率，以提升区域农业灌溉系统的综合效益；②在上海当前节水管理水平和区域水资源利用条件下，小规模分散型农业灌溉模式向规模化灌溉方式转变，对提升区域农业用水效率与用能效率的效果并不明显；③针对分散型小规模农业灌区实施用水与用能的价格激励机制是实现农业用水效率与用能效率共同提升的一项有益尝试；④针对灌溉用水与用能等生产成本占总生产成本比重较小的规模化大型农场，为提高生产经营者的灌溉节水节能意识与动力，应加强农业水总量控制与定额管理，并利用水价的市场调节作用，激励其用水效率与用能效率的共同提升。【结论】基于农田灌溉系统用水与用能关系综合分析的农业节水分区研究，可以为上海及其他平原河网地区农业灌溉系统节水与节能综合效益提升提供科学的管理建议。 |
| 关键词: 农业节水； 水资源； 农田灌溉； 聚类分析； 上海 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0411 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Exploring Agricultural Water-saving Regionalization Based on the Water-energy Nexus: A Case Study of Shanghai |
|
WU Meng
|
|
Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai 200020, China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Analyze the water-saving and energy-saving potential of different types of agricultural irrigation area. 【Method】 We took Shanghai as an example to explore the theoretical framework of agricultural water-saving regionalization based on the analysis of water-energy nexus. Ward cluster analysis method was introduced to the town-type scale cluster analysis. 【Result】 Based on the results of the case study, Shanghai was divided into 4 agricultural irrigation types, and the targeted management strategies were discussed in this article. The main conclusions were as follow: ①Higher investment in water-saving technology and infrastructure could improve the agricultural water use efficiency and also tended to increase energy consumption and carbon emissions, it restricted the comprehensive agricultural water-saving benefits; ②For the small-scale decentralized agricultural irrigation district, implementing the energy and water pricing mechanism would be conducive to improve agricultural water and energy efficiency; ③Small-scale decentralized agricultural irrigation districts merged into large one could achieve tiny water-saving benefits but may reduced the energy efficiency of agricultural irrigation systems; ④ The utilization of agricultural water-saving irrigation technology and facilities with different level of energy intensity should be followed by local conditions. 【Conclusion】 Exploring agricultural water-saving regionalization based on the water-energy nexus can improve the benefits of agricultural water-saving and energy-saving and provide management strategies for Shanghai and other places in Yangtze River Delta. |
| Key words: agricultural water-saving; water resources; agricultural irrigation; cluster analysis; Shanghai |
