| 引用本文: | 田 华,潘圣刚,莫钊文,等.不同水分和粒肥处理对香稻香气、品质和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(6):36-41. |
| TIAN Hua,PAN Shenggang,MO Zhaowen,et al.不同水分和粒肥处理对香稻香气、品质和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(6):36-41. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索香稻适宜的水肥管理模式。【方法】以常规香稻“桂香占”和杂交香稻“培杂软香”为试验材料，采用盆栽试验，设置二因子三水平随机区组共9个处理，即水分因子设常规灌溉（维持水层1～3 cm，W0）、轻度控水灌溉（土壤水势维持在-20～-5 kPa，W1）和重度控水灌溉（土壤水势维持在-40 ～-25 kPa，W2）；粒肥因子设不施粒肥（N0）、低氮粒肥（每盆施尿素0.43 g，N1）和高氮粒肥（每盆施尿素1.08 g，N2），并以常规灌溉不施粒肥处理（W0N0）为对照，研究了9个处理对香稻香气、品质和产量的影响。【结果】轻度控水灌溉高氮粒肥处理 (W1N2)香稻“桂香占”和“培杂软香”的糙米香气分别比W0N0处理显著增加了176.1%和62.3%；W1N2处理“桂香占”的精米率比W0N0处理显著提高了69.78%，但对“培杂软香”的精米率没有显著影响；W1N2处理“桂香占”和“培杂软香”的垩白粒率分别比W0N0处理显著降低了15.03%和9.45%；W1N2处理“桂香占”的总粒数和“培杂软香”的有效穗分别比W0N0处理显著提高了3.95%和24.72%；常规灌溉高氮粒肥处理（W0N2）处理“桂香占”和“培杂软香”的实际产量分别为6.85 t/hm2和6.97 t/hm2比其他各处理实际产量稍高，但各处理与W0N0处理相比没有显著差异。【结论】轻度控水灌溉高氮粒肥处理是浓香高产优质的最佳栽培措施，可在香稻的大面积和标准化种植中推广应用。 |
| 关键词: 香稻； 水分； 粒肥； 香气； 品质； 产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0608 |
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| Effects of Soil Moisture and Fertilization on Fragrance, Quality and Yield of Fragrant Rice |
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TIAN Hua, PAN Shenggang, MO Zhaowen, DUAN Meiyang, TANG Xiangru
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College of Agriculture, South China Agriculture University/ Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture China, Guangzhou 510642, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Soil moisture and nutrients control plant metabolism and the purpose of this paper is to examine how different combinations of irrigation and nitrogen application alert the yield and quality of fragrant rice. 【Method】 Pot experiments were carried out using the traditional fragrant rice variety of Guixiangzhan and the hybrid fragrant rice variety of Peizaruanxiang as the model plants. We examined three soil moisture treatments: flooding furrow irrigation by keeping the depth of surface water at 1~3 cm (W0), moderate soil moisture by controlling the soil matrix potential at -20~ -5 kPa (W1), low soil moisture by controlling the matric potential at -40~-25 kPa (W2); and three fertilizations: no fertilizer (N0), 0.43 g of urea per pot (N1), and 1.08 g of urea per pot (N2). Overall, there were nine treatments. During the experiments, we measured the aroma content, yield and quality of the rice. 【Result】 Compared to the CK (W0N0), low soil moisture combined with high fertilization (W1N2) improved aroma content in Guixiangzhan and Peizaruanxiang by 176.1% and 62.3% respectively, and increased the milling rate of Guixiangzhan by 69.78%. In the meantime, W1N2 combination also significantly reduced the chalky grain rate in Guixiangzhan and Peizaruanxiang by 15.03% and 9.45% respectively, and increased the total grain number in Guixiangzhan by 3.95% and the effective panicles in Peizaruanxiang by 24.72%. The yield of Guixiangzhan and Peizaruanxiang under W0N2 combination was 6.85 t/hm2 and 6.97 t/hm2 respectively, higher than other treatments; there was no noticeable difference in the yield between all treatments, including the CK. 【Conclusion】 Controlling the soil matric potential at -40~ -25 kPa, along with high urea application, appeared to be the optimal fertigation for both yield and quality of the two rice varieties studied in this paper. |
| Key words: aromatic rice; water; nitrogen fertilizer; aroma; quality; yield |
