| 引用本文: | 邢金金,邢英英,王秀康,等.不同施肥量对陕北日光温室番茄生长、产量和土壤硝态氮的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(6):29-35. |
| XING Jinjin,XING Yingying,WANG Xiukang,et al.不同施肥量对陕北日光温室番茄生长、产量和土壤硝态氮的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(6):29-35. |
|
| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索适合陕北日光温室番茄的种植技术，并为高效的种植模式提供理论依据和技术支持。【方法】以巨丰美粉863番茄为供试材料，在日光温室中种植秋冬茬番茄，在充分灌溉条件下设置7个施肥水平，具体为对照（CK，不施肥），N1处理N、P、K施量分别为120、48、168 kg/hm2，N2处理的N、P、K施量分别为240、96、336 kg/hm2，N3处理的N、P、K施量分别为360、144、504 kg/hm2，N4处理的N、P、K施量分别为480、192、672 kg/hm2，N5处理的N、P、K施量分别为600、240、840 kg/hm2，N6处理的N、P、K施量分别为720、288、1 008 kg/hm2，研究了不同施肥处理对番茄株高、茎粗、产量和土壤硝态氮质量浓度的影响。【结果】低肥（N1和N2）和高肥（N5和N6）处理的番茄株高和株高生长速率明显低于中肥（N3和N4）处理，N3处理番茄的株高生长优势较为明显；N1、N2、N3、N4、N5和N6处理的番茄茎粗比CK分别提高15%、32%、6%、4%、9%、3%，其中以N2处理番茄茎的生长优势最为明显，茎粗株高比（D/H）与茎粗有类似的变化趋势。番茄产量随施肥量增加呈先上升后下降趋势，其中N3处理番茄产量和地上部分干物质量与其他处理存在显著差异。低肥和高肥处理的土壤硝态氮都有向根层50～70 cm进行聚积的趋势；中肥处理的土壤硝态氮向根层30～40 cm进行累积。【结论】中肥处理番茄株高、茎粗生长最快，增产效果最为明显，变异系数最小，且土壤硝态氮累积层适中，利于番茄吸收利用。因此，该地区在充分灌溉条件下，适宜的N、P、K施量为360~480、144~192、504~672 kg/hm2。 |
| 关键词: 陕北； 番茄； 生长； 硝态氮； 日光温室 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0358 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Effects of Different Fertilizers Application on Soil Nitrate, Growth and Yield of Tomato Growing in Solar Greenhouse in Northern Shaanxi Province |
|
XING Jinjin, XING Yingying, WANG Xiukang, WANG Yanfeng， LI Xiuxiu， NIE Jiabin
|
|
College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The aim of this work is to experimentally study the optimal fertilizers application for vegetables growing in solar greenhouse in Northern Shaanxi Province. 【Method】 The model plant was tomato (Solanum lycoper sicum Mill., or Jufeng) and the soil moisture was kept sufficient via irrigation. Seven N∶P∶P ratios were examined: 0∶0∶0 (CK), 120∶48∶168 (N1), 240∶96∶336 (N2), 360∶144∶504 (N3), 480∶192∶672 (N4), 600∶240∶840 (N5), and 720∶288∶1 008 kg/hm2 (N6). In the experiments, we measured the plant height (H), stem diameter (D), yield and soil nitrate concentration. 【Result】 The plant height and plant elongation rate at low fertilization, N1 and N2, and high fertilization, N5 and N6, were lower than those at other two treatments, and they peaked at N3. The stem diameter in N1, N2, N3, N4, N5 and N6 increased by 15%, 32%, 6%, 4%, 9.0% and 3%, respectively, compared to the CK; both D and D∶H ratio increased with fertilization. At low and high fertilization, soil nitrate accumulated in 50~70 cm, while at N3 and N4 the nitrate was manly in 30~40 cm, more accessible for roots to take up. The yield increased with fertilization first and then peaked at N3, followed by a decline with a further increase in fertilizers application. 【Conclusion】 Moderate fertilization promotes plant growth and yield with the nitrate accumulated in the root zones, facilitating root uptake and reducing nitrogen leaching. Therefore, under sufficient irrigation, the optimal fertilization for tomato in solar greenhouse in Northern Shanxi Province is to keep the N∶P∶K ratio in the range of 360∶144∶504 to 480∶192∶672 kg/hm2. |
| Key words: Northern Shaanxi; tomato; growth; nitrate content; greenhouse |
